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  • Elaine Soloway’s Widow Series: The Opposite of Caregiving & The Takeover

    The Opposite of Caregiving

    The Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum) features dark green foliage and a large white flower. They are strictly indoor plants that take medium light, bloom year-round and are very forgiving. That is, until the unlucky houseplant met me.

    “Sarah,” I led off in my email, “will you take Tommy’s plants?” My neighbor had admired them on a previous visit. I watched, guilt shadowing my face, as she lifted a watering can from its dusty shelf and approached the Peace Lily.

    Tenderly, as I had seen my husband do, she watered the plant along with all of the others he had cared for over the years. The drooping leaves appeared to heave a sigh of relief, soon brightening and popping up as the water I had thoughtlessly denied them quenched their thirst. 

    My gift to my neighbor of the half dozen houseplants was part of my effort to divest of anything that required my care and attention. I had spent a good part of my second marriage taking care of my husband — willingly and faithfully — and now, with his passing, I wanted to be free of responsibility.

    It’s not only houseplants I’m rejecting, but also pets. “No, no dogs,” I’d reply to those who suggested a furry companion to assuage my typical widow loneliness.  “A cat?” they’d pose. “Much easier to care for. No walking in the winter. Just a litter box.”

    I’d turn down that idea, too. “Expensive,” I’d respond. “Can’t afford it.” We had spent a fortune over the years in vet bills for Sasha, who died at 9 and Buddy at 14. While we loved our Golden Retrievers like children, the financial cost is, in truth, one factor, but also the responsibility, and more importantly, the pain of their eventual loss.

    And, there’d be the memories a new pet would bring. “Like clockwork,” a neighbor reminded me. “You, Tommy, and Buddy, walking around the park at six in the morning. Then, there’d be Tommy shouting at Buddy, ‘no, no,no’ as the dog headed for a mud puddle. And before Tommy could change Buddy’s direction, there’d be your dog plopping like a hippo.”

    I laughed as I recalled that repeated scene. No, no more dogs. No more images of my husband racing to catch up with our Golden. No more reminders of my glee as I watched Tommy fetch Buddy from his makeshift pond. “I’ll hose him off in the basement,” he’d say, more amused than angry.

    “A roommate, that’s what you need,” suggested my daughters. “You’ve got two spare bedrooms in your big house, you’ve admitted to loneliness in the afternoons, get a roommate for company and extra cash.”

    It was true the two spaces I had reserved for my out-of-town daughters and their families have gone mostly unused, except for brief visits twice a year. I thought about their idea. Thought about the money that could help me pay bills. Thought about the young student, actor, or even an airline pilot who would welcome our proximity to O’Hare. I even started composing an ad for that last possibility.

    But then, I got depressed. I had images of me lowering the volume on my TV so I wouldn’t disturb my housemates. My four A.M. MSNBC show that accompanies my early rising might have to be curtailed out of concern for the stranger needing his or her sleep down the hall.

    I saw myself opening doors to find clothing tossed on the floor, unmade beds, which paying renters would have every right to leave. I imagined me morphing into Mother, waving away their objections and insisting they eat a little something before their class, performance, or flight.

    “Go, leave the laundry,” I heard myself saying. “You’ll be late. I’ll take care of it.”

    Then, despite my best intentions, I couldn’t doubt the vision of me lying awake, listening for a late-night key in the door, just as I once did with my flesh-and-blood.

    “No, no boarders,” I told them.

    “But your loneliness,” my daughters reminded me.

  • A Hearing on Women-Owned Small Businesses: Barbara Corcoran, “The startup game remains vastly male dominated”

    On July 23, the Senate Small Business and Entrepreneurship Committee held a hearing, Empowering Women Entrepreneurs: Understanding Success, Addressing Persistent Challenges, and Identifying New Opportunities. The committee also released a report, 21st Century Barriers of Women’s Entrepreneurship.Marie Cantwell, Chair of Committee

    Maria Cantwell, Chair, Senator (D), from Washington State

    Barbara Corcoran, founder, The Corcoran Group/ABC’s Shark Tank, stated, “Though the rate of women in entrepreneurship has risen in the past few years, the startup game remains vastly male dominated. Women led companies have received only seven percent of all venture capital funding in the United States. A new study led by Harvard Business School found that both regular people and experienced angel investors are more likely to be swayed by a man’s business pitch, especially an attractive man’s, compared with the exact same pitch by a woman. In one test, men were 60 percent more likely to be awarded funding than women.”

    Lynn Sutton, chief executive officer, Advantage Building Contractors, stated, “The lost decade, between Congress approving the [Women-Owned Small Business Procurement] program in 2000 and the Small Business Administration (SBA) rulemaking in 2011, translated to $94 billion in missed contracting opportunities for WOSBs [women-owned small businesses]. And while the percentage of prime contracts awarded to WOSBs increased following the program’s final implementation in 2011, the federal government has still yet to meet its five percent goal … Most recently, in FY2012, the government achieved four percent in contracts awarded to WOSBs — a one percent shortfall equal to $4 billion in lost opportunities.”

    Victoria Wortberg, program manager, Washington Center for Women in Business, stated on behalf of the Association of Women’s Business Centers (WBCs), “The growth and impact of women entrepreneurs and women-owned businesses in the United States over the last 40 years is impressive and Women’s Business Centers have been there to help. In 1970, only five percent of businesses were women-owned. Today, there are 7.8 million women-owned businesses, representing nearly 30 percent of all businesses in the United States. Since the WBC program was established, WBCs have counseled more than 1.6 million entrepreneurs — or about 20 percent of women in business today. We need to ensure that the critical program is there to continue serving the next generation of entrepreneurial women — it is time to modernize the program and think bigger. Women deserve as much.”

    The following witnesses also testified:

    • Maria Contreras-Sweet, administrator, Small Business Administration;
    • Lori Meeder, senior loan officer, Northern Initiatives;
    • Nely Galan, founder, Galan Entertainment and Adelante Movement; and
    • Susan Sylvester, president and chief financial officer, Absolute Resource Associates.

    Report: Women Business Owners Face Gap in Lending, Federal Contracts; Cantwell issues report on 21st Century barriers for women entrepreneurs

    Report: Women Business Owners Face Gap in Lending, Federal Contracts

     From the Democratic members of the Committee:

     Women-owned businesses are a $3 trillion economic force and support 23 million jobs but still face significant barriers compared to their male-owned counterparts when it comes to obtaining loans and growing their businesses, according to a report released by US Senator Maria Cantwell (D-WA), Chairwoman of the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship.

     Women entrepreneurs account for just $1 out of every $23 in small business lending, despite representing 30 percent of all small companies. Women also are more likely to be turned down for loans or receive less favorable terms than men, according to the report.

    “In the 21st Century, women entrepreneurs still face a glass ceiling,” the committee majority report says. “While women-owned businesses are the fastest-growing segment of businesses, and many succeed, women must overcome barriers their male competitors do not face.”

     The report, entitled 21st Century Barriers to Women’s Entrepreneurship, was presented Wednesday during a hearing led by Cantwell and Senator James Risch (R-ID), ranking member on the committee. Testifying before the committee were several distinguished businesswomen such as U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) Administrator Maria Contreras-Sweet, Barbara Corcoran of ABC’s Shark Tank, and former Telemundo president Nely Galán. The hearing focused on the unique challenges that women face in starting their own businesses and legislative solutions that could help boost women-owned small businesses and create jobs.

    “Just 26 years ago, Congress enacted landmark legislation that established a woman’s ability to establish business credit without requiring a signature of a male relative,” Cantwell said. “Even 26 years after the Women’s Business Ownership Act, significant barriers still exist to women entrepreneurs. As Congress looks for ways to help entrepreneurs and our economy, we want to make sure that women are able to play an important role.”

    “Issues facing the small business community are not a partisan matter – it is bipartisan, it is nonpartisan,” Risch said. “We want to always and continually examine any barriers there are to loaning to women. Any gender bias has no place whatsoever in the lending process.”

     “There is still so much work to be done,” SBA Administrator Contreras-Sweet said. “We must give women the choice to be what their skills and hearts desire — be it a homemaker who stays at home with the kids, or a ‘homemaker,’ who owns the construction company that is building the next residential development.”

    According to the report, women still face significant challenges, including: 

    • Access to lending: Women receive just 4 percent of the total value of all conventional small business loans, and only 7 percent of venture capital funding. In addition, women face difficulty in getting right-sized loans that fit their needs. “Women are forced to rely on personal credit, loans from family and friends, and credit with high interest rates instead of getting traditional bank lending,” Cantwell said.
    • Equal access to federal contracts: The federal government has never met its goal of awarding 5 percent of contracts to women-owned businesses – a goal enacted by legislation 20 years ago. This results in women-owned businesses missing at least $4 billion annually in contracting opportunities.
    • Getting relevant business training and counseling:  The SBA-operated Women Business Center program was created to help support women-owned businesses get off the ground and has successfully provided training to thousands of women entrepreneurs each year. But Congress has not provided new funding for the program since 1999, despite an increasing need.

    The report recommends three remedies to improve the business climate for women entrepreneurs:

    • Enact legislation that would allow sole-source contracting to women-owned businesses through the Women-Owned Small Business Procurement Program, which would give them the same access to federal contracts as other disadvantaged groups.
    • Modernize and expand the SBA’s Microloan Program to reach borrowers that need up to $50,000, and reauthorize the Intermediary Loan Program to allow more women to access capital between $50,000 and $200,000.
    • Reauthorize the Women Business Center program, which issues grants to nonprofit organizations to provide specialized counseling and training, and increase funding to potentially help more women entrepreneurs, especially in low-income areas. The program already has demonstrated success – Women Business Centers helped clients access more than $25 million in capital and open more than 630 businesses in fiscal year 2013.

     Despite the barriers, women-owned firms are growing at a rate exceeding the national average, according to the report. Some of the positive trends include: 

    • Women’s business-ownership grew from 4.1 million small businesses in 1987 to 8.6 million in 2013.
    • Women-owned businesses in the United States also emerged from the recession as second only to publicly traded companies in job growth, with 274,000 net new jobs since 2007.
    • The share of revenue generated by women-owned firms rose from 0.3 percent of all receipts in 1972 to 3.9 percent in 2007.
    • African-American women are starting businesses at six times the national average, generating $226 billion in annual revenue and employing almost 1.4 million.

     

  • “Black Boxes” in Passenger Vehicles: Recording Data in the Few Seconds Before An Accident

    EDR

    Downloading a Gm Sensing and Diagnostic Module (SDM, aka airbag control module) through the Diagnostic Link Connector using the Vetronix Crash Data Retrieval system. Wade Bartlett via English Wikipedia

    Congressional Research Service (Library of Congress)*

    Summary

    An event data recorder (EDR) is an electronic sensor installed in a motor vehicle that records certain technical information about a vehicle’s operational performance for a few seconds immediately prior to and during a crash. Although over 90% of all new cars and light trucks sold in the United States are equipped with them, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is proposing that all new light vehicles have EDRs installed in the future. Under previously adopted NHTSA rules, these devices have to capture at least 15 types of information related to the vehicle’s performance in the few seconds just before and immediately after a crash serious enough to result in deployment of airbags.

    EDRs have the potential to make a significant contribution to highway safety. For example, EDR data showed that in several cases a Chevrolet Cobalt’s ignition switch turned the engine off while the car was still moving, causing the car to lose power steering and crash; the data directly contributed to the manufacturer’s decision to recall 2.6 million vehicles. EDR data could also be used, sometimes in conjunction with other vehicle technologies, to record in the few seconds before an accident such data as driver steering input, seat occupant size and position, and sound within a car.

    The privacy of information collected by EDRs is a matter of state law, except that federal law bars NHTSA from disclosing personally identifiable information. The privacy aspects of EDRs and the ownership of the data they generate has been the subject of legislation in Congress since at least 2004. The House passed a floor amendment to the transportation appropriations bill in 2012 that would have prohibited use of federal funds to develop an EDR mandate. This provision was not enacted. The Senate passed two EDR-related provisions in its surface transportation reauthorization bill (S. 1813) in 2012, mandating EDRs on new cars sold after 2015 and directinga Department of Transportation study of privacy issues. The provisions were not included in the final bill.

    In the 113th Congress, two privacy-related EDR bills have been introduced. H.R. 2414, sponsored by Representative Capuano, would require manufacturers to post a window sticker in each new car, stating that there is an EDR in the vehicle, where it is located, the type of information it records, and the availability of that information to law enforcement officials. It would prohibit the sale of vehicles after 2015 unless vehicle owners can control the recording of information on the EDR.  The legislation also states that any data recorded by an EDR is the vehicle owner’s property and can be retrieved only with the owner’s consent, in response to a court order, or by a vehicle repair technician. It is pending in the House Energy and Commerce and Judiciary Committees.

    In April 2014, the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation ordered reported S. 1925, the Driver Privacy Act, sponsored by Senators Hoeven and Klobuchar. The bill would limit access to EDR data to the vehicle owner or lessee. Exceptions would allow access if authorized by judicial or administrative authorities for the retrieval of admissible evidence, with the informed written consent of owners or lessees for any purpose, and for safety investigations, emergency response purposes, or traffic safety research. If used for safety research, information that would identify individual owners and vehicle identification numbers would have to be redacted. The bill requires NHTSA to conduct a study to determine the amount of time EDRs should capture and record data, and to issue regulations on that subject within two years of
    submitting the study to Congress.

    * The Congressional Research Service (CRS) works exclusively for the United States Congress, providing policy and legal analysis to committees and Members of both the House and Senate, regardless of party affiliation. As a legislative branch agency within the Library of Congress, CRS has been a valued and respected resource on Capitol Hill for nearly a century.

    CRS is well-known for analysis that is authoritative, confidential, objective and nonpartisan. Its highest priority is to ensure that Congress has 24/7 access to the nation’s best thinking.

  • Mind and Body Disconnect: I Am Not Ready To Get Off the Stage!

    The stage

    by Rose Madeline Mula

    I have a serious problem.  I’ve searched  every possible tech support site on the web, but none have been able to help.  My dilemma?  I  have suffered a complete breakdown of communication between my body and my brain.  

    For some reason — seemingly overnight — my hips have become rocky, my knees creaky, and my bladder leaky. My upper arms have grown wings, my shoulders have developed a permanent slump, and my former teeny tummy is gone.  Well not quite.  It’s still there, but it’s now covered by what can only be called a belly.  My boobs, like birds in the winter, have gone south.  As for my face and neck … ugh!  I don’t want to go there.

    Amazingly, I usually am not aware of any of these changes — until I catch an unexpected glimpse of myself in a mirror or in a store window reflection.   “Look at that poor old lady,” is my immediate reaction.  “Why doesn’t she straighten up?  And doesn’t she realize how ugly those orthopedic shoes are?”  Then it hits me — Oh my God, that’s me!  It’s such a shock, because even though all my physical changes are accompanied by aches and pains I never used to have, in my head I’m still seventeen; and I look like Angelina Jolie — only younger.  

    Furthermore, in the fantasy world of my mind, I can still climb endless flights of stairs without losing my breath; I can walk — even jog — for miles; I can get down on the floor and, even more important, get up again.  I can get in and out of a car  without having passers-by rush over to help.  When I go to an airport, attendants don’t rush to greet me at the door proffering  wheel chairs.   Old geezers with walkers don’t offer me their seats on crowded busses.  And I can actually get out of a low chair without pushing with my hands.  I can’t, however, swim.  But, then, I never could.

    I’m also sometimes delusional enough to believe I’m still tall (where did those three inches I lost go?).  And I can still eat whatever I want (pepperoni pizza … five-alarm chili … jalapeno poppers … buffalo chicken wings …) even at midnight — without chomping on Tums and without keeping a plastic bag under my pillow, just in case of a 3:00 AM visit from the nausea gremlin.  This isn’t as bad as it sounds because I’m usually wide awake at 3:00 AM anyway.  Why?  When did I become an insomniac?   

    At least my sleeplessness isn’t turning my hair grey.  It’s still the vibrant brunette of my youth.  (Okay, okay.  I admit it.  Maybe expensive monthly visits to my beauty salon have something to do with that).

    When I was young (wasn’t that just last week?), I always assumed that old people knew they were old — and they didn’t really mind.  After all, they had lived a long life.  They were ready for it to end.  But now that I’m old (it pains me even to type that),  I realize how wrong I was.  I have not lived a long life.  No way could all those decades have flown by so fast.  I can’t speak for all the elderly, of  course, but as for me, I usually don’t realize that I’m old.  When logic tells me that I am, I do mind; and I am not ready to get off the stage!

    As you can see, I have a serious disconnect between mind and body — thank goodness.  No way do I want to face reality.  Instead, I’m going shopping.  I want to buy a couple of sleeveless mini dresses,  some skinny jeans with frayed knees, a pair of stilettos, and a new bikini, which I’m going to need when I start my surfing lessons next week.

    ©2014 Rose Madeline Mula for SeniorWomen.com

    Illustration: The Bella Rose Arts Centre’s stage with the curtain drawn as seen from the left section of the orchestra. Photo by: Ryan Brownell, Wikimedia Commons

    Rose’s books (If These Are Laugh Lines, I’m Having Way Too Much Much Fun and The Beautiful People & Other Aggravations,  Pelican Publishing; and Grandmother Goose — Rhymes For a Second Childhood, Mindstir Media) are available on Amazon.com.

  • Rising Mortality Rates in Women in the United States: “Today, we still have to fight for equal access, equal rights, and even equal health”

    On July 15, 2014, Women’s Policy, Inc. (WPI) sponsored a briefing on rising mortality rates among women in the United States, in cooperation with Reps. Jaime Herrera Beutler (R-WA) and Donna F. Edwards (D-MD), Co-Chairs of the Congressional Caucus for Women’s Issues (the Women’s Caucus); Reps. Kristi Noem (R-SD) and Doris O. Matsui (D-CA), Vice-Chairs of the Women’s Caucus; and Reps. Jaime Herrera Beutler and Lois Capps (D-CA), Co-Chairs, Women’s Health Task Force, the Women’s Caucus.

    Members of the Women’s CaucusRep Doris Matsui
    Rep. Doris O. Matsui (D-CA) spoke about a topic of special importance to her — dementia. She described a recent meeting with the Minister of Health in London, which addressed the Prime Minister’s challenge to improve research and programs for dementia. Rep. Matsui shared a story with the Minister of Health about a woman she met at a meeting in Sacramento, CA. This woman had struggled through her husband’s seven-year battle with Alzheimer’s disease. Even after saving responsibly for retirement, the cost of a full-time care facility was out of reach. The physical, financial, and emotional stress that caretaking had taken on this woman was palpable.

    Representative Doris Matsui

    Rep. Matsui emphasized the need to address both patient and caregiver issues. In the US, many women are caregivers of children and parents as well as their own spouses. Alzheimer’s disease is one of the top five leading causes of death for women, and it affects women across the US Last August, Rep. Matsui provided leadership for a bipartisan letter to the National Institute on Aging at NIH asking for more information on research efforts to explore gender-based differences in patients affected by Alzheimer’s and other forms of dementia.

    Before today’s panel, Rep. Matsui looked at her district’s health snapshot in the RWJF-funded County Health Rankings and Roadmaps, published by the Population Health Institute at the University of Wisconsin. She was disappointed to see that Sacramento County, one of two counties that make up parts of her district, ranked relatively high in “premature death” – that is, years of life lost before age 75. She noted that while her district does a lot to provide health care to its population, that in order to build a Culture of Health, additional efforts are needed to encourage healthy behaviors, such as smoking cessation and exercise. Finally, Rep. Matsui emphasized that mental health is an integral part of an individual’s health. This is deeply personal to the Congresswoman because her sister was diagnosed with schizophrenia many years ago.

    Recently, Rep. Matsui was successful in securing a demonstration project based on her bipartisan Excellence in Mental Health Act, which was enacted earlier this year. This demonstration project calls for a billion dollars to be spent for the provision of mental health care. The Congresswoman noted that she wants to do more to ensure that the full range of mental health and substance abuse services are provided to those who need them. She concluded by saying that women need to take care of ourselves and look after each other so that our health becomes a priority.

    Congresswoman Lois Capps (D-CA) opened by saying that the topic of rising mortality for women is disconcerting and noted that when she was young, “We vowed to make the world a better place for our daughters. Today, we still have to fight for equal access, equal rights, and even equal health.” The Congresswoman underscored that the US is the only developed nation in the world with a rising maternal mortality rate, which is shocking given all of the resources that are available. Rep. Capps said that she is very proud of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) because of its inclusion of key preventive services in the “essential benefits” of insurance plans, at no cost to patients. This provision of the law represents a major paradigm shift in our health care system, helping us to foster a more holistic Culture of Health that especially stands to benefit women.Rep. Lois Capps

  • Two From Ferida Wolff’s Backyard: Blueberry Picking is Tasty Work! & The Greatness of Lake Erie

    Lake Erie is a Great Lake

    Lake Erie

     Here it is July already. I took a blogcation for a month, enjoying a little road trip, a family visit, and just allowing myself some off time, doing pretty much not much. Isn’t that what summer is for?
     
    One of the things I saw on our road trip was Lake Erie, an incredibly sized body of fresh water. There are five Great Lakes — Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, and Lake Huron — that impact Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Quebec, and Wisconsin. It was hard to believe that Lake Erie is the smallest of them in volume though the fourth in size. Quite impressive. Lots of people were enjoying the gentle waves and the warm water on this hot day; a serene respite from the usual hustle and bustle of everyday living.
     
    But it wasn’t always this way. The Great Lakes have their problems. Lake Erie is a case in point. The native peoples revered the lake for its purity before the area was colonized. Then things changed with the new settlers. By the late 1960s it was polluted by industries spilling pollutants into it, sewer water being released there, and agricultural runoff. Algae flourished and the fish were all dying. Instead of Great Lake it was called Dead Lake. In 1969 the Cuyahoga River, which feeds into Lake Erie, caught fire. It was time to rethink our use of the lake.
     
    In 1972, the United States and Canada signed The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement to establish guidelines for a cleaner Great Lakes environment. The International Joint Commission (IJC), in a final report in 1999 on the Great Lakes, recommended wetlands restoration and water quality research and monitoring. There are still periodic quality warnings issued for beach use but at least Lake Erie has its watchdogs now.
     
    I was saddened when I learned about Lake Erie’s history. I wish I could have seen it in its original state; if it is so impressive now, how incredible it must have once been. We need to think of consequences to nature before we plow ahead with our plans. We aren’t separate from nature — it is us.
     
    Lake Erie — past, present, and future:
     
    A look at the International Joint Commission’s findings:

    http://www.ijc.org/php/publications/html/finalreport.html

    Blueberries

    Blueberry Picking is Tasty!

     
    Ah, blueberries. One of my favorite foods. And this is great blueberry picking time in my area. We are near Hammonton, NJ, which is known for its blueberries. We went picking at an organic farm last week and came home with almost eight pounds of berries. What will we do with so many, you might wonder. Well, I’ve already made two batches of blueberry muffins and plan to bake a blueberry cobbler later this week. We munch on them daily and I’ll freeze some, if any are left in the next day or so. We may go back to the picking farm before the harvest time is over.

  • High-Containment Laboratories; Recent Incidents of Biosafety Lapses: “The oversight of these laboratories is fragmented and largely self-policing”

    What GAO Foundcdc pressure suit

    No federal entity is responsible for strategic planning and oversight of high-containment laboratories. Since the 1990s, the number of high-containment laboratories has risen; however, the expansion of high-containment laboratories was not based on a government-wide coordinated strategy. Instead, the expansion was based on the perceptions of individual agencies about the capacity required for their individual missions and the high-containment laboratory activities needed to meet those missions, as well as the availability of congressionally approved funding. Consequent to this mode of expansion, there was no research agenda linking all these agencies, even at the federal level, that would allow for a national needs assessment, strategic plan, or coordinated oversight. As GAO last reported in 2013, after more than 12 years, GAO has not been able to find any detailed projections based on a government-wide strategic evaluation of research requirements based on public health or national security needs. Without this information, there is little assurance of having facilities with the right capacity to meet the nation’s needs.

    Positive-pressure biosafety suit” by CDC/ Brian W.J. Mahy.  This photograph depicted a Centers for Disease Control (CDC) laboratorian, as he was putting on an older-model positive-pressure suit before entering one of the CDC’s earlier maximum containment, or Biosafety Laboratories (BSL), sometimes referred to as a “suit lab”. Wikimedia Commons

    GAO’s past work has found a continued lack of national standards for designing, constructing, commissioning, and operating high-containment laboratories. As noted in a 2009 report, the absence of national standards means that the laboratories may vary from place to place because of differences in local building requirements or standards for safe operations. Some guidance exists about designing, constructing, and operating high-containment laboratories. Specifically, the Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories guidance recommends various design, construction, and operations standards, but GAO’s work has found it is not universally followed. The guidance also does not recommend an assessment of whether the suggested design, construction, and operational standards are achieved. As GAO has reported, national standards are valuable not only in relation to new laboratory construction but also in ensuring compliance for periodic upgrades.

    No one agency is responsible for determining the aggregate or cumulative risks associated with the continued expansion of high-containment laboratories; according to experts and federal officials GAO interviewed for prior work, the oversight of these laboratories is fragmented and largely self-policing.

    On July 11, 2014, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released a report on the potential exposure to anthrax that described a number of actions that CDC plans to take within its responsibilities to avoid another incident like the one in June. The incident in June was caused when a laboratory scientist inadvertently failed to sterilize plates containing samples of anthrax, derived with a new method, and transferred them to a facility with lower biosecurity protocols. This incident and the inherent risks of biosecurity highlight the need for a national strategy to evaluate the requirements for high-containment laboratories, set and maintain national standards for such laboratories’ construction and operation, and maintain a national strategy for the oversight of laboratories that conduct important work on highly infectious pathogens.

  • A Vanity Fair Cover and Shifting Gender Roles in World War I; Medical Corps & Red Cross Dogs

     

    In the Galleries: Gordon Conway “Vanity Fair” cover illustration highlights shifting gender roles in World War I

    By Gabrielle Inhofe

    World War I played a crucial part in the transformation of gender roles.  As men left for the battlefields, women took on traditionally male occupations at home.  Buoyed by this experience and a new sense of confidence, these women started demanding more rights and independence.

    The Ransom Center’s exhibition The World at War, 1914-1918 continues at the University of Texas, Austin  running through August 3, 2014.

    These shifting roles were mirrored by new fashions, such as the flapper attire, which was ushered in by the rebellion of the post-war Jazz Age.  Style magazines like Vanity Fair captured these trends on its covers.

    Gordon Conway, a Texas-born fashion designer and illustrator, was famous for her drawings of these sophisticated and independent ‘New Women’.  Conway launched her career at Vogue and Vanity Fair, and she was so talented that she was soon working for other publications, as well as a host of different advertising clients.  Throughout her career, she did costume design, magazine art, and poster art for film, cabaret, and theater, working in New York, London, and Paris.  She was remarkable not only for her artistic talent, but also for her ability to influence women’s desires for more cultural, sexual, and legal freedoms.

    A Conway cover illustration for Vanity Fair is currently on display in the Ransom Center’s exhibition The World at War, 1914-1918.  The illustration features a stylish, svelte nurse with an Afghan Hound.  Although the illustration was rejected for publication, it was later used by the Red Cross as a recruitment poster.

  • CultureWatch Review, Colm Toibin’s The Master: A Novel

    THE MASTER: A Novel

    By Colm Tóibín © 2004Portrait of a Lady still

    Scribner; Paperback, 340 pp.

     Nicole Kidman in  Jane Campion’s adaptation of Henry James’ The Portrait of a Lady (1996)

    Review by Joan L. Cannon

    Reading The Master was so like my memory of reading Henry James, I was amazed that a member of the 21st Century could so faithfully reproduce not only the literary style, but the moral stance of the 19th, especially in a fictional personification. Just to make sure the resemblance was deliberate, I read a recent essay by Mr. Tóibín. No question the diction, syntax, and authorial posture were carefully chosen to suit the narrative.  The feeling engendered for the reader is uncanny and moving.

    Most of us today are accustomed to interior monologue and a considerable degree of psychological penetration in fiction. Most are disappointed if we don’t find them. Unhappily, also most readers are even more disappointed by the absence of graphic descriptions of mostly underlying (gritty) facts of everyone’s life — the more lurid, the better. In this book, as in its subject’s literary and personal careers, such matters remain out of the purview of polite society and that of the reader. In deference perhaps to modern tastes, delicate allusions appear occasionally that do nothing to upset the enveloping mood of nearly two centuries past while suggesting how James was aware of being something of a misfit.

    Henry James, Jr. is the master of the novel’s title. He was born in New York into wealthy intellectual privilege in 1843, wrote in the mid to late 19th Century, mostly from his homes in England and Italy. Tóibín paints a portrait of a young man who has grown up in the shadows of two men — his father and his older brother William — whose shade chills him emotionally as well as to some extent intellectually.

    Not surprisingly, James finally makes his home across the Atlantic, and just before his death he even became an English citizen. Travel in the Old World is central to the development of The Master. Numerous scenes show how James perceived the subtlest as well as the most notable differences in architecture, history, and the mindsets of his friends and acquaintances. His entrée to Society (with a capital S) gave him an enviable position from which to form opinions, make judgments, and even to fabricate scenarios based on the people he met and whose stories he knew or heard about.

    This portrait of The Master is, however, written in our century, in spite of how its tone resembles that of the past. We are allowed glimpses behind the veils of custom and privacy to see a man whose loneliness is subdued, though without hope of alteration.

    Indeed, we are led to consider that James failed to understand (or certainly refused to recognize) his own fundamental place in a larger scheme of personal behavior — even of how to be comfortable in his own skin.

    It would have been impossible to ignore the Civil War going on in his own country, yet oddly, it appears that James tended to keep it in the background of his fictions, seldom mentioning it at all.

  • A Puzzle in Washington, DC: The National Building Museum’s Big Maze

     The Big Maze

     On July 4, the National Building Museum unveiled the BIG Maze, a brand new component to its annual Summer Block Party. This  interactive installation has taken over the Museum’s historic Great Hall, inviting visitors to explore all its twists and turns without getting lost. Designed by BIG-Bjarke Ingels Group and constructed in collaboration with local construction companies, the glossy, maple plywood maze measures a towering 18 feet high and an expansive 60 feet square. The BIG Maze will be open through September 1, 2014.

    Is a labyrinth the same thing as a maze?

    Though the words are often used interchangeably, the answer is no.

    07.2014 LabyrinthA labyrinth has winding, curved passages, forming a “unicursal,” or one-way path from the outside toward the center. Walking through a labyrinth, you change direction often, but the visitor shouldn’t get lost or confused as you wind through the space. Often the labyrinth is purposefully engineered so that it takes a long time to get to the middle, encouraging slow, meditative contemplation while navigating many twists and turns.

    07.2014 Maze

    A maze is filled with dead ends. Often there are puzzles that help you find your way and alleviate frustration, but the idea is to get lost a few times before figuring out the terrain and finding your way through. Two-dimensional mazes offer the ability to see the entire course at one time, though the hardest ones will take time to solve. While labyrinths are often seen as thoughtful, peaceful spaces for quiet reflection, mazes tend to attract those more interested in solving puzzles and facing challenges.

    The word “maze” dates from the 13th century and comes from the Middle English word mæs, denoting delirium or delusion. The word “labyrinth” may date as far back as the 14th century, and derives from the Latin labyrinthus and the Greek labýrinthos, or, a building with intricate passages.

    Ancient Times

    Maze History_Crete

    Coins from Knossos with depiction of labyrinth, c. 400 BCE.
    Photo by Tilemahos Efthimiadis.

    “It is a confusing path, hard to follow without a thread, but, provided [you are] not devoured at the midpoint, it leads surely, despite twists and turns, back to the beginning.” — Plato

    In remarkably similar form, mazes and labyrinths can be found on artifacts from the ancient world; from the Bronze Age in Spain, to Ireland and India; from North Africa to the American Southwest. In these cultures — and many others — the labyrinth conveyed ideas about a meandering, perhaps obstacle-filled, journey toward enlightenment.

    Maze

    Man in the Maze, Pima art piece.
    Photo by Jared Tarbell.

    The Labyrinth of Crete is familiar to all lovers of Greek myths: a menacing minotaur — half human, half bull — was said to wait in the center. Herodotus, a Greek historian writing in the 5th century, described an ancient Egyptian labyrinth, noting that: “The Pyramids likewise surpass description, but the Labyrinth surpasses the Pyramids.” Pliny, the Roman historian, also wrote about ancient labyrinths across Europe and North Africa.

    The Tonoho O’odham and Pima peoples — from the desert region in what is now Arizona and northern Mexico — traditionally depict, in ancient petroglyphs and modern basketry, a man in the maze setting off on his winding path toward home.

    We do not know why the maze and labyrinth appeared independently all over the world, but the pattern continues to be compelling in our own time.

    In Greek mythology, the hero Theseus successfully traveled through the Labyrinth of Crete and slayed the minotaur with the help of the goddess Ariadne, who gave him a ball of thread, called a clue.