Senior Women Web

Author: SeniorWomenWeb

  • Setting a Record for the Longest Single Spaceflight in History by a Woman, NASA astronaut Christina Koch Completes 328-Day Mission in Space

     

    Astronaut Christina Koch smiles as she gives a Astronaut Christina Koch smiles as she gives a “thumbs up” sign shortly after being extracted from the Soyuz MS-13 crew ship that brought her home after 328 days in space. Credit: NASA TV

    Setting a record for the longest single spaceflight in history by a woman, NASA astronaut Christina Koch, Soyuz Commander Alexander Skvortsov of Roscosmos and Luca Parmitano of ESA (European Space Agency) landed on Earth at 4:12 a.m. EST in Kazakhstan, southeast of the remote town of Dzhezkazgan. The trio departed the International Space Station in their Soyuz MS-13 spacecraft at 12:50 a.m.

    For Parmitano and Skvortsov, this landing completed a 201-day stay in space, 3,216 orbits of Earth and a journey of 85.2 million miles.

    Koch’s first journey into space became a 328-day mission in which she orbited Earth 5,248 times, a journey of 139 million miles, roughly the equivalent of 291 trips to the Moon and back. She conducted and supported more than 210 investigations during Expeditions 59, 60, and 61, including as a research subject volunteer to provide scientists the opportunity to observe effects of long-duration spaceflight on a woman as the agency plans to return to the Moon under the Artemis program and prepare for human exploration of Mars.

    One particular research project in which Koch participated is the Vertebral Strength investigation, which better defines the extent of spaceflight-induced bone and muscle degradation of the spine, and the associated risk for broken vertebrae. This timely endeavor is expected to provide insight into the development of future countermeasures, such as preventative medicine or exercise. These results also could provide recommendations for limiting the amount of force astronauts are subjected to during launch.

    Koch lived in space with four fellow NASA astronauts and classmates: Anne McClain, Nick Hague, Andrew Morgan, and Jessica Meir as well as four Russian cosmonauts, Canadian astronaut David Saint-Jacques, ESA astronaut Parmitano, and visiting astronaut Hazzaa Ali Almansoori from the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

    Watch Koch’s most memorable moments from her record-breaking mission at: https://go.nasa.gov/36E40MZ

    Learn more about space station activities by following @space_station and @ISS_Research on Twitter as well as the ISS Facebook and ISS Instagram accounts.

  • GAO and Election Security: DHS Plans Are Urgently Needed to Address Identified Challenges Before the 2020 Elections

    What GAO* Found

    Since the 2017 designation of election infrastructure as critical infrastructure, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), through its Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), has assisted state and local election officials in securing election infrastructure through regional support and assistance, education, and information sharing. Such efforts help state and local election officials protect various election assets from threats (see figure).

    Figure: Examples of Election Assets Subject to Physical or Cyber Threats

    Figure: Examples of Election Assets Subject to Physical or Cyber Threats

    In August 2019, the CISA Director identified election security as one of the agency’s top five operational priorities. CISA security advisors, who are located throughout the country, consult with state and local election officials and identify voluntary, no cost services that CISA can provide. According to CISA, as of November 2019, 24 cybersecurity advisors and 100 protective security advisors perform and coordinate cyber and physical security assessments for the 16 critical infrastructure sectors, including the Election Infrastructure Subsector. Technical teams at CISA headquarters generally provide the services, once requested.

    To further assist state and local election officials, CISA conducted two exercises simulating real-world events and risks facing election infrastructure in August 2018 and June 2019. According to CISA, the 2019 exercise included 47 states and the District of Columbia. In addition, CISA has funded the Election Infrastructure Information Sharing and Analysis Center (EI-ISAC). According to CISA officials, the EI-ISAC is the primary mechanism for exchanging information about threats and vulnerabilities throughout the election communit`y. The EI-ISAC director reported that, as of November 2019, its members included 50 states, the District of Columbia, and 2,267 local election jurisdictions, an increase from 1,384 local jurisdictions that were members in 2018. As a result of its efforts, CISA has provided a variety of services to states and local election jurisdictions in the past 2 years (see table).

    Table: Number of Selected Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency Services Provided to States and Local Election Jurisdictions in 2018 and 2019, as of November 6, 2019

    Service

    States

    Local election jurisdictions

    Continuous scanning of internet-accessible systems for known vulnerabilities

    40

    161

    Assessments of potential network security vulnerabilities

    26

    20

    Remote testing of externally accessible systems for potential vulnerabilities

    4

    44

    Assessments of states’ and local jurisdictions’ susceptibility to malicious emails

    10

    5

    Educational posters on cybersecurity

    19

    1,202

    Source: Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. | GAO-20-267

    *The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent, nonpartisan agency that works for Congress. Often called the “congressional watchdog,” GAO examines how taxpayer dollars are spent and provides Congress and federal agencies with objective, reliable information to help the government save money and work more efficiently.

  • Senator Mitt Romney Delivers Remarks on Impeachment Vote Wednesday, February 5, 2020: “I hope we respect each other’s good faith”

    Ann and Mitt Romney



    Romney Delivers Remarks on Impeachment Vote
    Wednesday, February 5, 2020

    The Constitution is at the foundation of our Republic’s success, and we each strive not to lose sight of our promise to defend it. The Constitution established the vehicle of impeachment that has occupied both houses of Congress for these many days. We have labored to faithfully execute our responsibilities to it. We have arrived at different judgments, but I hope we respect each other’s good faith.
          
    The allegations made in the articles of impeachment are very serious. As a Senator-juror, I swore an oath, before God, to exercise “impartial justice.” I am a profoundly religious person. I take an oath before God as enormously consequential. I knew from the outset that being tasked with judging the President, the leader of my own party, would be the most difficult decision I have ever faced. I was not wrong.
        
    The House Managers presented evidence supporting their case; the White House counsel disputed that case. In addition, the President’s team presented three defenses: first, that there can be no impeachment without a statutory crime; second, that the Bidens’ conduct justified the President’s actions; and third that the judgement of the President’s actions should be left to the voters. Let me first address each of those defenses.
      
    The historic meaning of the words “high crimes and misdemeanors,” the writings of the Founders and my own reasoned judgement convince me that a president can indeed commit acts against the public trust that are so egregious that while they are not statutory crimes, they would demand removal from office. To maintain that the lack of a codified and comprehensive list of all the outrageous acts that a president might conceivably commit renders Congress powerless to remove a president defies reason.
      
    The President’s counsel noted that Vice President Biden appeared to have a conflict of interest when he undertook an effort to remove the Ukrainian Prosecutor General. If he knew of the exorbitant compensation his son was receiving from a company actually under investigation, the Vice President should have recused himself. While ignoring a conflict of interest is not a crime, it is surely very wrong.
       
    With regards to Hunter Biden, taking excessive advantage of his father’s name is unsavory but also not a crime. Given that in neither the case of the father nor the son was any evidence presented by the President’s counsel that a crime had been committed, the President’s insistence that they be investigated by the Ukrainians is hard to explain other than as a political pursuit. There is no question in my mind that were their names not Biden, the President would never have done what he did.
      
    The defense argues that the Senate should leave the impeachment decision to the voters. While that logic is appealing to our democratic instincts, it is inconsistent with the Constitution’s requirement that the Senate, not the voters, try the president. Hamilton explained that the Founders’ decision to invest senators with this obligation rather than leave it to voters was intended to minimize—to the extent possible—the partisan sentiments of the public.
      
    This verdict is ours to render. The people will judge us for how well and faithfully we fulfilled our duty. The grave question the Constitution tasks senators to answer is whether the President committed an act so extreme and egregious that it rises to the level of a “high crime and misdemeanor.”

  • From the National Institutes of Health: Homicide is a Leading Cause of Pregnancy-associated Death in Louisiana

    Preg Source Image

    Homicide is a leading cause of death among pregnant and postpartum women in Louisiana, according to an analysis of birth and death records from 2016 and 2017. The study, appearing as a research letter in JAMA Pediatrics, was funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), part of the National Institutes of Health. The research team was led by Maeve E. Wallace, Ph.D., of Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine in New Orleans.

    The authors wrote that they undertook their analysis because few studies have looked at non-obstetric causes of death during pregnancy and the year after birth. They analyzed maternal death data from the Louisiana Department of Health and homicide data for women and girls of reproductive age from a US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention database.

    Of the 119 pregnancy-associated deaths for 2016 and 2017 in the state, 13.4% (16) were homicides. They estimated that, for every 100,000 women who were pregnant or postpartum, there were 12.9 homicide deaths, which outnumbered deaths from any single obstetric cause, including hypertensive disorders (3.2) and amniotic fluid entering the bloodstream (4.8). The risk of homicide death was twice as high for women and girls during pregnancy and the postpartum period, compared to women and girls who were not pregnant. Pregnancy and postpartum deaths were highest for women and girls ages 10 to 29.

    The authors said that women’s increased contact with the health care system during pregnancy provides clinicians with an opportunity to offer violence prevention services and interventions. They do not know whether the high maternal homicide rate they found — among the highest reported, compared to other jurisdictions — is a function of better reporting or reflects an actual spike of maternal homicides in Louisiana.

    Article

    Wallace, ME. Research Letter: Homicide during pregnancy and the postpartum period in Louisiana, 2016-2017. JAMA Pediatrics.2020.

    About the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD): NICHD conducts and supports research in the United States and throughout the world on fetal, infant and child development; maternal, child and family health; reproductive biology and population issues; and medical rehabilitation. For more information, visit NICHD’s website.

    About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation’s medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the US Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit www.nih.gov.

  • Ferida Wolff’s Backyard’s Weather Puzzles: A Strange Time of Year Here; Jigsaw Puzzles As Cognitive Enrichment

    Awareness of the natural connection can beautifully enhance our lives

    Sunday, February 2,  2020

    Weather Puzzles

    This has been a strange time of year here, weatherwise. Sometimes the temperature is more like spring or fall and then it zips into extreme cold. Sometimes there is ice on the morning windshield and by afternoon jackets aren’t needed. Snow may be predicted but we haven’t seen a snowstorm yet.
     
    One day the wind was so aggressive that it moved things sideways. Another day was so foggy that it was hard to see beyond a few feet. The weather has been puzzling for a while now. It is Ferida's backyard weather puzzleacross the world, causing great concern. I tend to worry about it.
     
    On one of the coldest days, I took out a jigsaw puzzle with a weather-pleasant scene and sat down in my warm room to work on it. I found it calming, helping the grasses and birds emerge from the individual pieces, creating the butterflies, and imagining myself in such a warm, inviting place.
     
    Being focused on one thing at a time helps to clear the webs of worrisome thoughts and move through our day more peacefully engaged. When I finally had to go out, I was still in a calm place, grateful for the time spent just putting together one puzzle and letting go of another one, at least for a little while.
     
    NASA looks at our weather: https://climate.nasa.gov/
     


    Editor’s Note:  As  a longtime jigsaw puzzler ourselves, we decided to add the below:


    Jigsaw Puzzles As Cognitive Enrichment (PACE) – the effect of solving jigsaw puzzles on global visuospatial cognition in adults 50 years of age and older: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

    Patrick Fissler,corresponding author#1,2 Olivia C. Küster,#1,2 Laura S. Loy,1,3 Daria Laptinskaya,1 Martin J. Rosenfelder,1 Christine A. F. von Arnim,2 and Iris-Tatjana Kolassa1

    With this study, we aim to evaluate the effect of solving jigsaw puzzles on visuospatial cognition, daily functioning, and psychological outcomes.

    Methods

    The pre-post test, assessor-blinded study will include 100 cognitively healthy adults 50 years of age or older, who will be randomly assigned to a jigsaw puzzle group or a cognitive health counseling group. Within the 5-week intervention period, participants in the jigsaw puzzle group will engage in 30 days of solving jigsaw puzzles for at least 1 h per day and additionally receive cognitive health counseling. The cognitive health counseling group will receive the same counseling intervention but no jigsaw puzzles. The primary outcome, global visuospatial cognition, will depict the average of the z-standardized performance scores in visuospatial tests of perception, constructional praxis, mental rotation, processing speed, flexibility, working memory, reasoning, and episodic memory. As secondary outcomes, we will assess the eight cognitive abilities, objective and subjective visuospatial daily functioning, psychological well-being, general self-efficacy, and perceived stress. The primary data analysis will be based on mixed-effects models in an intention-to-treat approach.

    Discussion

    Solving jigsaw puzzles is a low-cost, intrinsically motivating, cognitive leisure activity, which can be executed alone or with others and without the need to operate a digital device. In the case of positive results, these characteristics allow an easy implementation of solving jigsaw puzzles in clinical practice as a way to improve visuospatial functioning. Whether cognitive impairment and loss of independence in everyday functioning might be prevented or delayed in the long run has to be examined in future studies.

  • What Should I Read? The New York Public Library Selects Best Books of 2019 for Kids, Teens and Adults

    The New York Public Library have chosen their recommendations for the best books of 2019. 260 books were selected by a panel of expert librarians from throughout the system and curated by genre, format, and age. The titles are featured in three lists — 100 Best Books for Kids 50 Best Books for Teens 100 Best Books for Adults — as well top 10 lists for poetry and Los Mejores Libros para Pequeños (Spanish language books for children), which made their debut this year. 

    The full list of titles for each group is available online at www.nypl.org/bestbooks. The website features categories that readers can search to find their next favorite book. Categories range from “short stories” to “animal books for children” to “NYC Stories for teens” and more.

    The librarians also selected top 10 books for kids, teens, adults, poetry, and Spanish language books for kids; titles include: The Roots of Rap: 16 Bars on the 4 Pillars of Hip Hop by Carole Boston Weatherford, a picture book that traces the history and heroes of rap and hip hop; Pet, the fantasy novel for teens by Akwaeke Emezi; the soon-to-be adapted for television Normal People by Sally Rooney (currently a fellow at the Library’s Cullman Center for Scholars and Writers); Library of Small Catastrophes, a book of poetry that chronicles the complexities of life by Alison C. Robbins; and a sweet, illustrated picture book about a father-daughter motorcycle ride Mi Papi Tiene Una Moto by Isabel Quintero and Zeke Peña. 

    “There’s no question that librarians love to read, but selecting the Library’s best books takes that love of reading to the next level,” said Lynn Lobash, associate director of the Library’s Readers Services team, which regularly offers book recommendations to the public via Twitter, Facebook, and podcast. “It can be a daunting project, staff are inundated with books and yet they read them all, sometimes pulling all-nighters to finish one book and start the next. Throughout the process, their knowledge and insight of specific genres grows deeper and stronger and the results are a thoughtfully curated selection of books that will guide readers and help them find a book that’s right for them — which is the ultimate achievement for a librarian!” 

    The Library’s top 10 titles from each list (in alphabetical order) are:

    Top 10 children’s books 

     

    Los Mejores Libros para Pequeños / Top 10 Spanish language books for children 

     

  • Pressing Issues State Lawmakers Are Facing as They Begin Their Work: Voting Access, Vaping, Natural Disaster Prep, Affordable Housing and Health Care

     In our annual State of the States series, Stateline reporters look at some of the pressing issues state lawmakers are facing as they begin their work this legislative session.

    Day One: Voting Access

    The 2020 presidential election is just months away and state legislators, courts and election officials are making final changes to policies governing access to the ballot. States remain divided along partisan lines on expanding and tightening voting laws.

    Day Two: Vaping

    In the wake of last year’s mysterious vaping-related lung illness and increased concern about growing rates of teen vaping, governors, mayors and state lawmakers are calling for flavor bans and excise taxes to make the highly addictive nicotine-laced liquids less appealing to kids.

    Day Three: Natural Disaster Prep

    As the effects of climate change become increasingly apparent, many states are beginning to prepare for ongoing challenges instead of responding to disasters as one-off events. 

    Day Four: Affordable Housing

    As more Americans nationwide struggle to pay rent, state lawmakers are filing bills they hope will lead to more affordable housing construction.

    Day Five: Rural Health Care

    The mortality rate in rural areas is nearly 850 people per 100,000 compared to about 730 in urban areas. The likely culprits: a lack of access to health care, lower rates of individuals with health insurance, and higher rates of poverty.

    Top State Stories 1/27Top State Stories 1/24

  • Heard of the Novel Corona Virus Before? The New England Journal of Medicine’s Free Reading Lists and the W.H.O.’s Statement

    From the World Health Organization (W.H.O.):  “It is expected that further international exportation of cases may appear in any country. Thus, all countries should be prepared for containment, including active surveillance, early detection, isolation and case management, contact tracing and prevention of onward spread of 2019-nCoV infection, and to share full data with WHO. Technical advice is available on the WHO website. Countries should place particular emphasis on reducing human infection, prevention of secondary transmission and international spread, and contributing to the international response though multi-sectoral communication and collaboration and active participation in increasing knowledge on the virus and the disease, as well as advancing research.” 

    New England Journal of Medicine’s article
    nurses distributing supplies

    Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus – Infected Pneumonia

    BACKGROUND

    The initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) uhan– infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and January 2020. We analyzed data on the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of NCIP.

    Right, Red Cross workers of Boston, Massachusetts, removing bundles of masks for American soldiers from a table where other women made them, 1918. (National Archives Identifier 45499363)

    METHODS

    We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of laboratory-confirmed cases of NCIP that had been reported by January 22, 2020. We described characteristics of the cases and estimated the key epidemiologic time-delay distributions. In the early period of exponential growth, we estimated the epidemic doubling time and the basic reproductive number.

    RESULTS

    Among the first 425 patients with confirmed NCIP, the median age was 59 years and 56% were male. The majority of cases (55%) with onset before January 1, 2020, were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, as compared with 8.6% of the subsequent cases. The mean incubation period was 5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 7.0), with the 95th percentile of the distribution at 12.5 days. In its early stages, the epidemic doubled in size every 7.4 days. With a mean serial interval of 7.5 days (95% CI, 5.3 to 19), the basic reproductive number was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9).

    CONCLUSIONS

    On the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019. Considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere. Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be implemented in populations at risk. (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and others.)

    Since December 2019, an increasing number of cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) – infected pneumonia (NCIP) have been identified in Wuhan, a large city of 11 million people in central China.1-3 On December 29, 2019, the first 4 cases reported, all linked to the Huanan (Southern China) Seafood Wholesale Market, were identified by local hospitals using a surveillance mechanism for “pneumonia of unknown etiology” that was established in the wake of the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak with the aim of allowing timely identification of novel pathogens such as 2019-nCoV.4 In recent days, infections have been identified in other Chinese cities and in more than a dozen countries around the world.5 Here, we provide an analysis of data on the first 425 laboratory-confirmed cases in Wuhan to describe the epidemiologic characteristics and transmission dynamics of NCIP.

  • “That’s Not the Government Calling: Protecting Seniors from the Social Security Impersonation Scam”; Isolating Their Victims by Instructing Them Not to Tell Anybody What is Going On

    Click HERE for a copy of the Aging Committee’s 2019 Fraud Book:
    https://www.collins.senate.gov/sites/default/files/2019%20Fraud%20Book.pdf
    Senators Casey and Collins

    Special Senate Committee on Aging:  Wednesday, January 29, 2020
    Time: 09:30; AMLocation: Senate Dirksen Office Building 562

    Senators Bob Casey and Susan Collins at an earlier hearing

    Member Statements

      1. Chairman Susan M. Collins R (ME)

    Today, the Special Committee on Aging is releasing its updated 2020 Fraud Book. It lists the top ten scams that have been reported to our committee over the past year. The good news is that the notorious IRS Impersonation Scam, which had been the top scam reported to the committee for five consecutive years, has fallen off dramatically. It used to be number one, now it’s number seven. Still a problem, but public awareness has certainly helped to decrease the prevalence of that scam. Unfortunately, the Social Security Impersonation Scam, the topic of this morning’s hearing, has risen to take its place. Reports of the SSA Scam barely registered as recently as 2017, but then it began to take off, cracking the top ten scans reported to our committee’s Fraud Hotline in 2018 and becoming the number one reported scam last year as shown on the chart displayed on the monitors. This scam has resulted in $38 million in reported loss to Americans in 2019 alone. I suspect that that’s just the tip of the iceberg, because many seniors who have been affected by this scam are either too embarrassed to report their loss or don’t even know who to turn to. The emotional and psychological toll for those who have lost hard-earned life savings are beyond measure.

    We will hear today from Machel Anderson, who has been a victim of this ruthless scheme, and I want to personally thank Machel for her willingness to come forward and share her story. Because of her willingness to do so, I am certain that there will be other older Americans who now know to just hang up the phone when they are called by somebody who is asking them for money or gift cards and pretending to be from the Social Security Administration. We are also very fortunate to have other terrific witnesses with us today and who are working very hard to combat this scam, and I will be introducing them at the appropriate time.

    Today, we will highlight the features of the Social Security Scam that are key to defeating it. Typically, the scam begins with an unsolicited robocall with a spoofed caller ID falsely displaying the Social Security Administration as the source of the call. Now naturally, most of us, if we see on caller ID that the Social Security Administration is calling us, we are going to answer the phone. The fraudster making the call will attempt to scare the victim by claiming that his or her Social Security number has been suspended due to suspicious activity, deceiving the victim so that he or she will do as instructed without question. Now my own 92-year-old mother received five of these Social Security Administration scam calls on her cell phone.

    Fortunately, she wasn’t taken in; she knew to call me, but they were so clever and so specific, telling her that her number had been compromised, it had been used to commit fraud in Texas. There were so many details that she wisely chose to check with me to see if there could be any truth in it. But that’s how clever and ruthless these criminals are. The scammer then attempts to isolate the victim so that no one can warn him or her of the scam and “break the spell.”

    Finally, the criminals claim that the only way that the victim can resolve the problem is to provide sensitive financial information over the phone and transfer thousands of dollars to them as quickly as possible. The speed and amenity of gift cards have made them the scammers’ current payment method of choice.

    To emphasize the need for urgent action and dire nature of the victim’s situation, the scammers often work in teams to impersonate local law enforcement, the IRS, or other federal officials. In one particularly outrageous case that we will hear about this morning, a criminal claimed to be the head of the Drug Enforcement Administration, and even suggested to his victim that she verify his identity by looking up his name and phone number at the Agency online.

    To keep their victims under the spell, the scammers will demand they corporate with their fake investigation by the government or face severe fines or even jail time. They also attempt to isolate the victim by keeping him or her on the phone uninterrupted for hours or even days at a time by instructing them not to tell anybody what is going on. They will cite the confidentially of the investigation. In a recent case reported by the Wall Street Journal, an oncology nurse in New York was instructed to leave work without notice, check into a hotel, and stay on the phone for nearly 50 hours. Coached by the fraudsters through a series of transactions at her bank and credit union, she lost almost $340,000 to scammers over three days.

  • Wednesday Feb 05, 2020, The Senate rejected both impeachment charges, acquitting President Trump.: Sitting as a Court of Impeachment for the Trial of Donald J. Trump

    The New York Times: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/05/us/politics/impeachment-vote-results.html

    Is there a future for an ex-Senator

    Illustration: From Puck, by Unidentified after James A. Wales; There is Still a Future for the Ex-Senator: U.S. Senate Collection (cat.no. 38.00497.001)

    Updated: (Votes on Articles of Impeachment Wednesday 4pm Eastern Time)

    Floor Proceedings

    https://www.senate.gov/legislative/floor_activity_pail.htm 

    Senator Schumer Impeachment Speech: https://www.c-span.org/video/?468927-2/senator-schumer-impeachment

    Senate Majority Leader McConnell Impeachment Speech: https://www.c-span.org/video/?468927-3/senate-majority-leader-mcconnell-impeachment-president-trump