Get ready to witness astounding sights and adorable animals with Pearls of the Planet, a library of live cameras from animal sanctuaries, research centers, and conservation projects from around the world. On the page linked above, visitors can see live footage of amazing wild (and sometimes domesticated) animals and entrancing ecosystems, organized into thematic groups. There are more than 60 live cam themes to check out, arranged in alphabetical order for easy browsing. Highlights include “Project Puffin,” “Owl Research Institute,” “International Wolf Center,” and “Aquarium of the Pacific,” among others. Once users have selected a theme to visit, they will be taken to a page with live camera footage. There, readers can click “Facts” for details about the footage being viewed or scroll for information about the camera location and to see photos taken on-site. There are also links to blog entries and related content. Visitors are sure to find something to enjoy, whether searching for meme-able moments or just a bit of zen in the workday. Pearls of the Planet is operated by Explore (previously featured in the 06-17-2011 Scout Report), a multimedia organization dedicated to documenting extraordinary causes. In addition to live camera footage, Explore’s website includes a “Blog,” “Newsletter,” and more than 250 documentary “Films,” which can be accessed through links at the bottom of the page. Follow Explore on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram (@exploreorg on all platforms). [MJZ]
Astronomy buffs, stargazers, and students of all ages will want to check out CosmoQuest, an online community space where citizen scientists can participate in expanding our knowledge of the universe through collaboration with scientists from NASA, OSIRIS-REx, Dawn, and other organizations. While the citizen science aspects of CosmoQuest are on hold (as of this writing), visitors can still find much to inspire on the site. There are frequent blog posts (click on “Space News” in the top menu) covering space missions, emerging scientific research, and the implications of deep-space images from Hubble and other space telescopes. CosmoQuest also produces a podcast, Daily Space, which offers a “roundup of launches, landings, and everyday discoveries,” with hosts Pamela L. Gay, Beth Johnson, and Annie Wilson. Perhaps the best aspect of CosmoQuest is the community space created among astronomy lovers. Visitors can join chat boards to talk science, share code or memes, and play games (click on “Forums & Chat” in the top menu), as well as find links to astronomy clubs and other activities. CosmoQuest is a multi-institutional collaboration produced as part of the Planetary Science Institute, a private non-profit dedicated to exploring the Solar System. Readers can stay in touch on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram (@cosmoquestx on all platforms). [MJZ]
Librarians, archivists, and researchers should check out the Digital Scholarship Blog from the British Library (previously featured in the 02-09-2018 Scout Report), which won the 2018 Digital Humanities Award for Best Blog Post or Series of Posts. The blog is updated by the Digital Curators from the library’s Digital Scholarship Department, with contributions from colleagues and special guests. The department, founded in 2010, is made up of a group of cross-disciplinary experts in digitization, librarianship, digital history and humanities, and computer science, to support researchers and staff seeking how best to utilize the library’s digital collections and data. Blog posts may feature topics such as calls for applications to various programs or contests and details on upcoming conferences. Many posts also feature relatable content such as anecdotes from staff and students about working on improving citations, writing noteworthy articles on Wikipedia, the ups and downs of preserving and integrating older formats, seeking efficient ways to add data, and more. Readers can navigate the blog by scrolling through recent posts or find older posts in the Archives menu on the right side of the page. [RMP]
Wheelmap is a free online map of wheelchair accessible places around the world. On the map, the accessibility of locations is designed through a traffic light system: green for full accessibility, orange for partial accessibility, and red for inaccessibility. Visitors can use the Search bar to find and check the accessibility of nearby locations or filter the search for specific kinds of places (e.g., Transport, Education, Toilets) and degree of accessibility. Wheelmap can be used in web browsers or installed as an app on both Apple and Android phones. Wheelmap is a “participatory mapping and crowd-sourcing project,” which means users worldwide can contribute by marking public places for wheelchair accessibility. On the map, locations that need to be marked are designated in gray. Visitors can click “Get involved” in the menu to find out how to participate in mapping, report elevator breakdowns, and help with outreach about this and other accessibility issues and projects. Wheelmap is a project of Sozialhelden, an organization dedicated to tackling social issues like accessibility for individuals with disabilities. It is funded through grants, prizes, and donations, and supported by the efforts of volunteers. To keep up to date, follow @wheelmap on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. [MJZ]
On Being (previously featured in the 05-01-2015 Scout Report) is an award-winning public radio show hosted by broadcaster and New York Times-bestselling author Krista Tippett. On Being focuses on deep, sometimes difficult conversations and topics on the religious, spiritual, and moral aspects of human life. Starting Points & Care Packages offers collections of podcasts, interviews, poetry, meditations, essays, and more, making these collections ideal for philosophers, theologians, writers, and poets alike. Listeners new to the program will enjoy the collections just as much as existing fans – there’s even a collection specifically for those diving in for the first time – as each one provides a convenient, focused access point to the program’s larger content. Starting Points & Care Packages includes collections on topics such as exhaustion, caregiving, race, relationships, conflict, science and nature, uncertainty, joy, and even the mundane. Each collection approaches its topic from a spiritual and/or moral standpoint and invites listeners to examine themselves and the world around them more thoroughly, to probe deeper, and to ask more questions. [RMP]
TrumpWorld was a hornets’ nest. The book begins and ends with the January 6 insurrection. This “inside story of how Trump lost” the 2020 election shines a light on his entire presidency. Indeed, he filed papers for his re-election campaign the day he was inaugurated in 2017, so the two were never completely separate endeavors. This “inside story of how Trump lost” the 2020 election shines a light on his entire presidency. Indeed he filed papers for his re-election campaign the day he was inaugurated in 2017, so the two were never completely separate endeavors.
Everything revolved around the King Bee, as the worker bees tried to push, kick and sting each other to get close. The exceptions, those who weren’t sycophants, who relied on facts rather than fantasy, who had programmatic more than personal agendas, usually didn’t last.
As the White House reporter for the Wall Street Journal, Michael C. Bender had ready access to all the bees. In different chapters he works his way through many of the public incidents of Trump’s four years in office and some of the not-so-public, telling us about the jealousy, competition and infighting inside the hive.
Trump’s favorite things to do were playing golf and speaking at mass rallies. Covid-19 put a damper on the latter, but didn’t wipe them out. Trump didn’t see getting close without masks as a problem; nor did his followers.
Bender includes some fascinating descriptions of TrumpFans who would travel thousands of miles to go to MAGA rallies. The Front Row Joes, as they called themselves, set up folding chairs at a rally entrance two to three days in advance to be sure to get front row seats from which to cheer their hero. Some came a week early for the first rally after Covid-19 led to a three-month suspension. They mourned the loss of one of their number without letting it affect their willingness to sit close to each other.
The FRJs were among the most fiercely loyal of the Trump junkies, as Bender calls them. Some of Trump’s staff were equally addicted; indeed that’s what Trump wanted from his staff. Loyalty bordering on addiction meant he could “rip their face from their skull” without worry that they would leave or retaliate.
That’s what happened if they criticized him or told him he screwed up. Thus no one inside the hive contradicted him when he claimed he had totally won the first presidential debate. He had to hear about his poor performance from the fake media.
There was still a high turnover rate among both campaign and presidential staff. His campaign manager was demoted and replaced 109 days before the November election. While he resented the demotion, he still wanted back, in any capacity.
The book begins and ends with the January 6 insurrection (his word) — though there is a March 2021 interview as an Epilogue. At his Florida resort, Trump can play as much golf as he likes, but is still living in a fantasy world about the 2020 election. It does make you wonder how the country ever elected this septuagenarian with the mind of a 10-year-old to the nation’s highest office.
Names float in and out, so much so that it’s hard to keep track of who’s who. Resist the temptation to look a name up to review its first use, because there is no Index. Why a top-notch writer with a Big Five publisher would not include this essential section is as hard to understand as the chaos and confusion of TrumpWorld. Maybe they were infected by the TrumpWorld virus that let them fantasize that it wasn’t necessary. Like the Trump campaign, they were wrong.
Since its creation in 1985, the NCAC has served as a model for the 950+ Children’s Advocacy Centers (CACs) now operating in the United States and in more than …
Bringing women policymakers together across party lines to advance
issues of importance to women and their families.
Family Support
Bills Introduced: September 6-10, 2021
Employment
H.R. 5238 — Rep. Raul Ruiz (D-CA)/Education and Labor, Oversight and Reform, House Administration (9/10/2021) — A bill to permit leave to care for an adult child, grandchild, or grandparent who has a serious health condition, and for other purposes.
Family Support
H.R. 5220 — Del. Jenniffer González Colón (R-PR)/Agriculture (9/10/2021) — A bill to transition the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and for other purposes.
Tax Policy
H.R. 5231 — Rep. Mike Kelly (R-PA)/Ways and Means (9/10/2021) — A bill to modify the employer credit for paid family and medical leave.
Veterans
H.R. 5212 — Rep. J. Luis Correa (D-CA)/Veterans’ Affairs (9/10/2021) — A bill to require an annual report on veteran access to gender specific services under community care contracts, and for other purposes.
Violence Against Women
H.R. 5226 — Rep. Sheila Jackson Lee (D-TX)/Judiciary (9/10/21) — A bill to enhance criminal penalties for health related stalking, and for other purposes.
H. Res. 632 — Del. Eleanor Holmes Norton (D-DC)/Oversight and Reform (9/10/2021) — A resolution expressing support for the designation of September 2021 as National Campus Sexual Assault Awareness Month.
This Week: September 13-17, 2021
Floor Action:
The House has Committee and District work periods this week and has no scheduled votes.
The Senate is in session this week.
Mark-Ups:
Family Support — On Monday, the House Financial Services Committee will mark up its provisions of the FY2022 Concurrent Budget Resolution, S. Con. Res. 14, including proposals that relate to housing for low-income families.
Miscellaneous — On Wednesday, the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee will consider several bills, including S. 2126, a bill to designate the “Louisa Swain Federal Office Building,” S. 1226, a bill to designate the “Sylvia H. Rambo United States Courthouse,” and S. 233, a bill to designate the “Donna M. Doss Border Patrol Station.”
Tax Policy — On Tuesday, the House Ways and Means Committee will mark up its provisions of S. Con. Res. 14, including those that relate to the social safety net and the child tax credit.
Violence Against Women — On Monday, the House Judiciary Committee will mark up its provisions of S. Con. Res. 14, including proposals related to the Office on Violence Against Women at the Department of Justice.
They have all but disappeared — Ann, Rose, Jane, Robert, Joseph, William… and so many others. Not people, but the good, solid names of yesteryear. Names that inspired songwriters (Danny Boy, Sweet Caroline, Mary’s a Grand Old Name, Oh Johnny…). I seriously doubt that we’ll ever hear a musical tribute to Dweezil, Moon Unit, Zion Mixolydian, or Zillion Heir — which are just a few of the absurd names celebrities have recently saddled their children with in their determination to guarantee their offspring will stand out from the crowd (and probably hate their parents for life).
Especially disturbing is the name Tesla’s Elon Musk and his wife burdened their son with — X Æ A-Xii, which is even more bizarre than it looks here. The AE are supposed to be combined, but my keyboard can’t handle that. Neither can my brain. I’m sure it’s a formula for something significant, but how do you pronounce it? Isn’t this child abuse? Even daddy’s billions won’t help little what’s-his-name live that down.
Among other things that have disappeared, along with traditional names, are virgin brides. Actually virgins — period. And brides in general. It seems that fewer and fewer couples are opting for marriage these days as “living in sin” apparently is either no longer considered to be a sin or nobody cares. And the few marriages that do take place often feature the couple’s children as ring bearers and flower girls. In the dark ages, a popular inscription in the autograph books we all owned was “First comes love, then comes marriage, then comes (fill in a name) with a baby carriage.” Not any more. Not in that order.
Some items that were ubiquitous back in the day which today’s kids never heard of are fountain pens, ink (the liquid kind—not a cartridge), and school desks with ink wells. All gone.
Ash trays, too, have disappeared. Who would have predicted that? Every home had them — on floor stands, coffee tables, end tables, and even dining tables. Every thoughtful hostess (including me) provided pretty little individual ash trays as part of each place setting so guests could enjoy a relaxing smoke while dining. What were we thinking?!
Also gone are secretaries, now that computers have made learning to type almost mandatory for all, along with typewriters. In case you’re too young to remember, a typewriter was a clunky machine with a roller into which you fed a sheet of paper, two spools through which you threaded a narrow inked ribbon, and a keyboard. Every time you struck a key a lever with the corresponding letter would fly up, hit the ribbon and transfer that letter to the paper on the roller. If you hit the wrong key in that pre-word processing era, you couldn’t simply back space to erase it. You had to coat the incorrect letter with glop called Bic Wite-Out, let it dry and then type the correct letter over it. It fooled no one. The mistake was obvious. And since Xerox machines and printers had yet to grace the typical office, to make copies we had to use carbon paper/tissue stacks. I’ll spare you the description of how that worked. It’s much too painful to remember.
I was also happy to see the last of suitcases without wheels. No wonder they called it LUGgage. And it’s such a relief to women to no longer have to deal with girdles, garter belts, and nylon stockings with seams up the back that were impossible to keep straight.
Unfortunately, gone also are women’s bathing suits that — unlike today’s bikinis — actually covered more than the bare essentials. By the way, have you noticed that as women’s bikinis shrink, men’s bathing trunks get longer and baggier?
Adrienne Gokhale Cannon lives in Springfield, VA. She has three grown children and two grandchildren. Her son lives in Baltimore, MD with his family; her two daughters and their families live nearby in the Virginia suburbs.
Adrienne taught Spanish and Italian for 30 years in local high schools and retired from the Prince George’s County, Maryland Public School System in 1996. Since that time she has been writing essays, playing the clarinet with community concert bands and volunteering as a tour guide at the Kennedy Center, Washington DC. She is author of Journey, a collection of essays, and a second collection, entitled Grace Notes. Credit below: The Washington Post
Which of the multiple activities on my calendar should I choose for today? Most days my calendar is filled with activities — activities that I haven’t able to do for a year and a half. But then sometimes, things slow down and I am faced with little downtime. That’s when I can feel those lonely moments returning from the last calendar year up until a month or two ago. When we were first told to self-isolate to avoid catching the virus, I did. Sort of… but as a bird in a golden cage, I opened my door and left my apartment to set out for a new, but solitary, adventure each day.
Right, Illustration by Barbara Kelley
My first thoughts were to find some water as I always feel calmed by its presence. The nearby Potomac River offered me many hours of solitude with a book on my iPhone. When my eyes tired and I looked up I always found some aquatic birds or ducks, sometimes a passing dog, to whom I could talk. And then there were the parks nearby with picnic benches and neighborhoods with lush flower gardens. I learned to amuse myself for many solitary hours.
Now, as I think back on those lonely days, I find that they really did bring me a kind of subtle pleasure. Yesterday, at the end of summer, I felt it again. I had projects to do on the computer and other commitments coming up in the evening and the next day. But I find that I am beginning to cherish the decreasing number of hours in which I don’t have to think about anything except what’s around with me.
Sometimes it happens when I am taking a break sitting on my patio; sometimes it’s the short drive to the grocery store when along the way I see the roadsides covered with wildflowers of all colors. Or sometimes it happens when I am at the pool feeling a little lonesome as my aging friends have disappeared from the poolside and I am surrounded by younger strangers.
I think I am changing and now I have developed a new talent for daily living that was a necessary routine during the pandemic shutdown. Or maybe it that my advancing age is causing me to physically slow down. Yet I suspect that the period of forced adjustment has taught me to appreciate the calmer minutes of my day. Perhaps it is just a flashback to the reality of the past year or, even more startling, to the lonely months I spent, newly alone, when I became a widow.
E. Benjamin Andrews – History of the United States, volume V. Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York. 1912. Unveiling of the Equestrian Statue of Robert E. Lee, May 29, 1890. Richmond, Virginia. The sculptor was Antonin Mercié; Wikipedia.org
Last night I watched the statue of Confederate General Robert E. Lee be hoisted from its pedestal on Monument Row in Richmond. I watched it on TV, not in person, but it was still a dramatic moment. It’s about time, were the words that kept flowing through my head.
I was born in the South, specifically Atlanta. My mother was born and raised in northwest Alabama, as was her mother and her mother before her. My mother took me to California when I was six months old where she raised me to believe that the South was wrong on race. I spent several months of my childhood in Alabama, at different points in time, living with my grandmother and my aunt, learning about “the War Between the States” from their perspective. I always considered it to be my second home state, even though I openly opposed its racial practices, as did my mother.
Part of me wanted to know why it took 132 years to take down that statue. The other part knew why. The South lost the Civil War, but it won the peace. It took four years to lose the War. It took forty to win the peace. It was during the last decade of the 19th Century and the first of the 20th that the segregation laws were passed, ways were found to keep African-Americans from voting despite the 15th Amendment, and most of the statues commemorating the Lost Cause were erected.
This was part of a larger movement to institutionalize white supremacy. Today we don’t fully appreciate how normative was the belief in white supremacy. You have to read the publications of those decades to know how thoroughly it permeated everyone’s thoughts, how socially acceptable it was.
While white supremacy was practiced in the North, in the South it became the state religion. Just as one sees statues of saints in a church, those statues of civil war generals were the symbols of that state religion.
Today we accept diversity as normative. The last one hundred years have seen a 180 degree switch in the social consensus (but not everywhere or among everyone) which is still being institutionalized the way white supremacy was done then. Now those statues are coming down as the state religion is being dismantled.
Why did it take so long? Actually, it didn’t. World history tells us that it takes about 150 years for major conflicts to be finally resolved. Descendants of two-sided wars continue to squabble for several generations before ceasing to see each other as the enemy. The North/South conflict followed that pattern.
I know the country is highly polarized and that the South is mostly on one side of that polarization, but it looks like the Civil War of 1861 is finally ending.
LadyBirdJohnson: Hiding in Plain Sight By Julia Sweig; New York: Random House, 2021
xxiv + 533 pages plus 16 pages of photographs
Hardcover $32.00
LadyBirdJohnson appeared to be a typical political wife. She devoted her life to supporting her husband – Lyndon Baines Johnson – and nurturing his political ambitions, sometimes at the expense of her two daughters.
But underneath that prim exterior was a woman who had her own agenda which she carefully pursued through a slew of competing demands. She was, as the author points out, hiding in plain sight. Indeed, hiding was her strategy for success.
Born Claudia Alta Taylor on December 22, 1912 in east Texas, her mammie nicknamed her LadyBird. It became her chosen name – often shortened to Bird. She was LadyBird long before she met and married Lyndon Baines and acquired the name Johnson. LBJ became their brand, which was given to both of their children.
When she became First Lady as a result of JFK’s assassination on November 22, 1963, Bird began a taped diary. A few years after her death in 2007, the LBJ Library made the 850 entries public. This book is heavily dependent on that diary, interpreted and expanded by an experienced author with a research team. Consequently, it is 95 percent about her 62 months as First Lady, with minimal material on her earlier and later life.
Life with Lyndon was a political as well as a personal partnership, though Bird was always the junior partner. She had family money; he had family connections. Together they elected him to Congress in 1936 and the Senate in 1948. She used her inheritance to buy an Austin radio station in 1943 and a TV station in 1952. The fact that her husband was in the US Congress didn’t hurt when it came to getting licenses and advertising revenue. He made the couple powerful; she made them rich.
Bird set up her own office in the East Wing of the White House with her own staff and projects. The most prominent one was Beautification, a project she pursued with help from Interior Secretary Stewart Udall. Today we would call her an environmentalist, but her concern with expanding the national parks and opening park/play spaces in less attractive areas of Washington D.C. had to hide under the rubric of prettiness – a proper concern for a first lady.
President Lyndon B. Johnson and Lady Bird Johnson walking through a field of flowers. LBJ Library photo by Frank Wolfe.
Raj P. Fadadu, MS; BarbaraGrimes, PhD; Nicholas P. Jewell, PhD; Jason Vargo, PhD; Albert T. Young, BA; Katrina Abuabara, MD, MA, MSCE; John R. Balmes, MD; Maria L. Wei, MD, PhD
Wildfire smoke can trigger a host of respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms, ranging from a runny nose and cough to a potentially life-threatening heart attack or stroke. A new study suggests that the dangers posed by wildfire smoke may also extend to the largest organ in the human body and our first line of defense against outside threat: the skin.
During the two weeks in November 2018 when wildfire smoke from the Camp Fire choked the San Francisco Bay Area, health clinics in San Francisco saw an uptick in the number of patients visiting with concerns of eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, and general itch, compared to the same time of the year in 2015 and 2016, the study found.
The study findings suggest that even short-term exposure to hazardous air quality from wildfire smoke can be damaging to skin health. The report, carried out by physician researchers at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), in collaboration with researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, appears April 21 in the journal JAMA Dermatology.
“Existing research on air pollution and health outcomes has focused primarily on cardiac and respiratory health outcomes, and understandably so. But there is a gap in the research connecting air pollution and skin health,” said study lead author Raj Fadadu, a student in the UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Medical Program. “Skin is the largest organ of the human body, and it’s in constant interaction with the external environment. So, it makes sense that changes in the external environment, such as increases or decreases in air pollution, could affect our skin health.”
Air pollutants can slip through skin barriers
Air pollution from wildfires is known to exacerbate heart and lung conditions. A new study suggests that it can also harm the skin, worsening symptoms of eczema and itch. (Photo by the California National Guard via Flickr)
Air pollution from wildfires, which consists of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and gases, can impact both normal and eczema-prone skin in a variety of ways. These pollutants often contain chemical compounds that act like keys, allowing them to slip past the skin’s outer barrier and penetrate into cells, where they can disrupt gene transcription, trigger oxidative stress or cause inflammation.
Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a chronic condition that affects the skin’s ability to serve as an effective barrier against environmental factors. Because the skin’s barrier has been compromised, people with this condition are prone to flare-ups of red, itchy skin in response to irritants, and may be even more prone to harm from air pollution.
“Skin is a very excellent physical barrier that separates us and protects us from the environment,” said study senior author Dr. Maria Wei, a dermatologist and melanoma specialist at UCSF. “However, there are certain skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, in which the barrier is not fully functional. It’s not normal even when you don’t have a rash. So, it would make sense that, when exposed to significant air pollution, people with this condition might see an effect on the skin.”
Even a short burst of air pollution during the Camp Fire harmed skin health
Earlier studies have found a link between atopic dermatitis and air pollution in cities with high background levels of air pollution from cars and industry. However, this is the first study to examine the impacts of a very short burst of extremely hazardous air from wildfires. Despite being located 175 miles away from the Camp Fire, San Francisco saw an approximately ninefold increase in baseline PM2.5 levels during the time of the blaze.
To conduct the study, the team examined data from more than 8,000 visits to dermatology clinics by both adults and children between October of 2015, 2016 and 2018 and each February of the year that followed. They found that, during the Camp Fire, clinic visits for atopic dermatitis and general itch increased significantly in both adult and pediatric patients.
“Fully 89% of the patients that had itch during the time of the Camp Fire did not have a known diagnosis of atopic dermatitis, suggesting that folks with normal skin also experienced irritation and/or absorption of toxins within a very short period of time,” Wei said.
While skin conditions like eczema and itch may not be as life-threatening as the respiratory and cardiovascular impacts of wildfire smoke, they can still severely impact people’s lives, the researchers said. The study also documented increased rates of prescribed medications, such as steroids, during times of high air pollution, suggesting that patients can experience severe symptoms.
Individuals can protect their skin during wildfire season by staying indoors, wearing clothing that covers the skin, if they do go outside, and using emollients, which can strengthen the skin’s barrier function. A new medication, Tapinarof, to treat eczema is now in clinical trials and could also be a useful tool during times of bad air.
“A lot of the conversations about the health implications of climate change and air pollution don’t focus on skin health, but it’s important to recognize that skin conditions do affect people’s quality of life, their social interactions and how they feel psychologically,” Fadadu said. “I hope that these health impacts can be more integrated into policies and discussions about the wide-ranging health effects of climate change and air pollution.”
Co-authors of the paper from UCSF are Barbara Grimes and Albert T. Young. From UC Berkeley: Nicholas P. Jewell. Co-authors also include Dr. Katrina Abuabara and Dr. John R. Balmes, who both have a dual appointment at UCSF and UC Berkeley; and Jason Vargo of the California Department of Public Health.
The study was supported by the UCSF Summer Explore Fellowship, the Alameda-Contra Costa Medical Association Summer Fellowship, and the UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Medical Program Thesis Grant. For more funding details, please see the paper.
