Author: SeniorWomenWeb

  • high heels

    Julia Sneden Wrote: If The Shoe Fits … You Can Bet It’s Not Fashionable

    high heels

     

    by Julia Sneden

    I look at the advertisements in magazines and newspaper these days, and cannot believe that shoes with spike heels and long, pointed toes have made a comeback. How absurd! How unenlightened! How absolutely cruel!

    Right: A pair of high heeled shoe with 12cm stiletto heels. Xingbo at English Wikipedia

    I have a friend who swears that designers of shoes must be men, who’ve never worn a three-inch heel or, for that matter, crammed a foot into some strappy little number that strangles feet the way a garrote strangles necks. They haven’t worn shoes that jam their toes up, one against another, in an effort to fit them into the isosceles triangle that forms the so-called toe of the shoe. That triangular shape no more resembles the form of the human foot than a dunce cap echoes the shape of a human head. If you look down at your toes, you’ll see that there are three long toes (which one is longest varies from person to person) and then two toes of descending size. If you were to draw the shape with a straight edge, you’d probably get something shaped rather like a shed, or lean-to, not a church steeple.

    I remember reading a quote from a shoe designer who referred to the pointed shoes as “graceful,” “elegant,” and “making the foot appear smaller.” Nonsense. How can something that elongates and defies natural shape make something appear smaller? From experience, I can state unequivocally that shoes with rounded toes make my very average size 7½ feet look positively tiny. And the pointy-toed shoes make them look like size 10’s. There’s nothing wrong with size 10’s if they are in proportion to the rest of you, but (at 5’2″) on me they’d look like clown feet.

    And we’ve not even begun to discuss pain.

    When I was in my mid-twenties, I quit work in my seventh month of pregnancy. Once home, I reverted to my childhood preference for bare feet or loafers, grateful to get out of the high heels I’d been wearing daily to the office, ever since graduating from college. Within a few days, I began to have strange pains in my heels. Thinking it was something related to pregnancy, I mentioned it to my OB.

    “Oh,” he said, “that’s just your tendons stretching. They became shortened from wearing high heels all day.” I was stunned. In just 4 years, my shoes had shortened my tendons?

    Tendons, of course, are the least of it. Calluses, bunions, malformed toenails, hammer toes: the list of woes goes on and on. Women who love shoes put up with all sorts of miseries in the name of style.

    My mother was a mini Imelda Marcos. She kept upwards of 40 pairs of shoes well into her 80’s, and was crushed when she had to give up high heels following a heart attack at the age of 89. Her sole criterion in buying shoes was style, not comfort, and she was very proud of wearing size 5½ long after her feet had grown to 6½. While she had a pair of old oxfords for hiking and gardening, I never saw her wearing anything but high heels for shopping, visiting, teaching, church-going, and general around-the-house wear. She loved shoes so much that she would order a pair that caught her fancy from a catalogue. If they didn’t fit, she would give them away unworn to a friend or the daughter of a friend, to an employee or to the churchwomen’s sale. “Fit,” of course, was not a precise term for her. If she loved the look of the shoe enough, she’d cram her foot into it no matter what. As a result, her podiatrist simply shakes his head as he cuts her toenails. After almost 90 years of mistreatment, her bare feet are not a pretty sight.

    I find myself wondering how on earth I escaped my mother’s mania for shoes. Certainly I like good-looking footwear, and when I’m dressed up, I find that pretty shoes help the overall effect. But having endured a few hours of torture at parties (those glamorous strappy numbers), I long ago decided to forego glamour for comfort. It may take longer to shop for good-looking shoes that are also comfortable, but for me, they’re worth the effort. And the thought of buying shoes without trying them on (from a catalogue, for instance) is anathema.

  • Kaiser Family Foundation (KFF): Over 200,000 Residents and Staff in Long-Term Care Facilities Have Died From COVID-19

    By Priya ChidambaramFeb 03, 2022

    More than 200,000 long-term care facility (LTCF) residents and staff have died due to COVID since the start of the pandemic (Figure 1). The CDC’s latest update reporting data on nursing home deaths as of January 30th pushes the reported number of deaths over this bleak milestone. This finding comes at a time when the national surge in cases due to the Omicron variant has started to subside, deaths are rising nationwide, and nursing homes have been working to increase vaccination and booster rates among residents and staff, particularly in light of the new federal rule requiring staff vaccination recently allowed to take effect by the Supreme Court. As of January 16th, approximately 82% of nursing home staff and 87% of nursing home residents are fully vaccinated.

    This death count is based on state and federal data sources. For the period between March 2020 and June 2021, the total number of deaths is based on state-reported data on LTCFs, including nursing homes, assisted living, and group homes, that summed to 187,000 resident and staff deaths. For the subsequent period between July 2021 and January 2022, we incorporated data reported to the federal government by nursing facilities (excluding other types of LTCFs), adding another 14,000 resident and staff deaths to the total. The total number of resident and staff deaths from these two sources, roughly 201,000, is likely an undercount of the true number of resident and staff deaths in LTCFs since it excludes deaths in long-term care settings other than nursing homes after June 30th, 2021. Additionally, not all states reported data on all types of LTCFs prior to June 2021.

    COVID-19 deaths in LTCFs make up at least 23% of all COVID-19 deaths in the US (Figure 1). This share has decreased since the start of the pandemic, when LTCF deaths were nearly half of all deaths nationally. This share has dropped over time for a number of reasons, including high rates of vaccination among residents, rising vaccination rates among staff, an increased emphasis on infection control procedures, declining nursing home occupancy, and the lack of data on deaths in assisted living and LTCFs other than nursing homes in recent months. Despite this drop as a share of total deaths, nursing homes have continued to experience disproportionately high case and death rates in the country during the recent surge. Higher case rates may be attributed to the highly transmissible nature of Omicron and the nature of congregate care settings. Higher death rates may be attributed to the high-risk status of those who reside in nursing homes.

     
     

    COVID-19 data that includes settings across the care continuum is essential to comprehensively assess the impact of COVID-19 on seniors and people with disabilities. To date, the federal government only requires data on COVID-19 cases, deaths, testing, and vaccinations from Medicare and Medicaid-certified nursing facilities. However, there is ample research suggesting that that LTSS users in congregate community based settings outside of nursing homes also face elevated risks of COVID-19 infection due to health conditions and the higher levels of infection transmission in some non-nursing facility congregate settings such as assisted living facilities and group homes. Nearly one million people live in assisted living facilities, a population roughly the size of the nursing home population, but one that lacks comparable data. The data gap for all settings across the care continuum makes it difficult to assess the full impact of the pandemic on seniors and people with disabilities residing outside of nursing homes. Additionally, the federal health care worker vaccine mandate does not apply to all settings across the care continuum, possibly leading to COVID-19 infections with resulting staff shortages in these settings.

    Data is not available on the demographics of those who died in long-term care settings, making it difficult to understand the impact of race/ethnicity, age, vaccination status, and other key characteristics on infection severity or likelihood of mortality in LTCFs. While federally available data provides insight into the numbers of cases, deaths, and vaccinations as reported by nursing homes, gaps in data limit the ability to assess the impact more directly among residents and staff, by patient characteristics. Overall, cases and deaths in nursing homes appear to be declining. However, this analysis confirms the disproportionate toll of COVID-19 on people living and working in LTCFs and highlights the importance of comprehensive, timely, and accurate data.

  • GAO, COVID-19: Significant Improvements Are Needed for Overseeing Relief Funds and Leading Responses to Public Health Emergencies

    Fast Facts

    In our 9th comprehensive report on the COVID-19 pandemic, we provide updates on topics like pandemic emergency rental assistance and tax relief for businesses. We made 5 recommendations, including ways the Treasury Department can more quickly recover rental assistance overpayments.

    We are also adding the Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) leadership of public health emergencies to our High Risk List. For over a decade, we have found issues with how HHS’s leadership prepares for and responds to emergencies, including COVID-19, other infectious diseases, and extreme weather events, such as hurricanes.

    Reported Daily Hospitalizations and 7-Day Averages of Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 in the U.S., Aug. 1, 2020–Jan. 6, 2022

    Chart showing spikes in hospitalizations in January 2021 and January 2022

    Skip to Highlights

    Highlights

    What GAO Found

    New U.S. COVID-19 cases and virus variants continue to challenge the nation. New daily reported cases increased sharply from December 21, 2021 to January 3, 2022 due primarily to the emergence of the Omicron variant. Cases during this time generally exceeded 380,000, surpassing the daily case rate reported during the emergence of the Delta variant in summer 2021, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data. Hospitalizations of individuals with confirmed COVID-19 also increased almost twofold at the end of 2021—from an average of 50,000 daily in late November 2021 to 93,000 daily.

    According to CDC data, as of January 3, 2022, about 62 percent of the total U.S. population had been fully vaccinated. In late 2021, FDA expanded COVID-19 vaccine eligibility in multiple ways, including authorizing vaccines for children 5 through 11 years old, and authorizing booster shots for vaccinated individuals 12 years and older. In addition, the federal government and private businesses began requiring COVID-19 vaccination for certain employees.

    Reported COVID-19 Vaccinations by Age Group in U.S., as of Jan. 3, 2022

     

    Percentage of population

    Percentage of fully vaccinated population

     

    Fully vaccinated

    Booster dose

    5 years of age and older

    66.1

    Not applicable

    12 years of age and older

    71.2

    Not available

    18 years of age and older

    72.9

    37.2

    65 years of age and older

    87.7

    58.8

    Total

    62.1

    34.3

    Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). | GAO-22-105291

    Note: CDC counts individuals as being fully vaccinated if they received two doses on different days of the two-dose vaccines or received one dose of the single-dose vaccine.

    GAO’s COVID-19 reports have provided analyses of broad federal efforts to respond to the pandemic and support U.S. businesses and residents, resulting in 246 total recommendations for improving federal operations. Agencies have fully or partially addressed 38 percent as of December 31, 2021, fully addressing 16 percent (40 recommendations) and partially addressing another 22 percent (54 recommendations). Fully addressing GAO’s recommendations will enhance the quality and accountability of federal COVID-19 pandemic response and recovery efforts. GAO also raised four matters for congressional consideration, three of which remain open.

    In this report, GAO makes five new recommendations in the areas of emergency rental assistance, nutrition assistance, and tax relief for businesses. GAO is also designating the Department of Health and Human Services’ (HHS) leadership and coordination of a range of public health emergencies as high risk. This designation is in keeping with long-standing efforts to identify federal programs needing transformation, and to help ensure sustained executive branch and congressional attention so the nation is prepared for future emergencies.

    Emergency Rental Assistance

    As of November 30, 2021, the Department of the Treasury had disbursed nearly $38 billion of the $46.55 billion it was appropriated for Emergency Rental Assistance (ERA) programs. These programs provide funds to grantees to administer programs to assist eligible renter households that are unable to pay rent, utilities, or other expenses due, directly or indirectly, to the COVID-19 pandemic. Treasury disburses ERA funds to grantees, such as states, local governments, and tribal governments, which make payments to landlords, households, and others eligible to receive the funds.

    Figure described in preceding paragraph. For additional information about this figure, refer to contacts listed at http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-22-105291

  • Four Individuals Indicted on Wage Fixing and Labor Market Allocation; Conspiracy Aimed at Suppressing Pay for Essential Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic

    Conspiracy Aimed at Suppressing Pay for Essential Workers During COVID-19 Pandemic

    Darcie N. McElwee

    A federal grand jury in Portland, Maine, returned an indictment charging four managers of home health care agencies with participating in a conspiracy to suppress the wages and restrict the job mobility of essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    Right, US Attorney Darcie McElwee for the District of Maine

    According to the one-count felony indictment filed yesterday in the U.S. District Court for the District of Maine, four Portland residents: Faysal Kalayaf Manahe; Yaser Aali; Ammar Alkinani; and Quasim Saesah — all owners and/or managers of home health care agencies — conspired to eliminate competition for the services of Personal Support Specialist (PSS) workers by agreeing to fix the rates paid to these workers and by agreeing not to hire each other’s workers. This indictment is the first in this ongoing investigation into wage fixing and worker allocation schemes in the PSS industry.

    “PSS workers and other essential workers risked their health caring for others at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic,” said Assistant Attorney General Jonathan Kanter of the Justice Department’s Antitrust Division. “The indictment in this case alleges that the employers of these workers colluded to deprive them of opportunities to earn better wages. The Antitrust Division and our partners will investigate and prosecute this conduct to the fullest extent of the law.”

    “Early in the pandemic, Maine made additional resources available to ensure that seniors continued to receive in-home care and that essential workers would be able to afford personal protective equipment,” said U.S. Attorney Darcie McElwee for the District of Maine. “The U.S. Attorney’s Office is proud to partner with the Antitrust Division to protect essential workers from the type of conduct alleged in the indictment returned by the grand jury.”

    “People in Maine have suffered real hardships because of the pandemic, especially frontline health care workers, and we will fully investigate allegations of exploitation,” said Special Agent in Charge Joseph R. Bonavolonta of the FBI Boston Division.

    The maximum penalty for conspiracy to restrain trade under the Sherman Antitrust Act is 10 years of imprisonment and a fine of $1 million for individuals. The maximum fine may be increased to twice the gain derived from the crime or twice the loss suffered by the victims of the crime if either amount is greater than the statutory maximum fine. A federal district court judge will determine any sentence after considering the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines and other statutory factors.

    The charges are the result of an ongoing federal antitrust investigation into wage fixing and worker allocation in the home health care industry, conducted by the Antitrust Division’s New York Office, the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of Maine, and the FBI’s Boston Division, Portland Resident Agency. Anyone with information in connection with this investigation should contact the Antitrust Division’s Complaint Center at 888-647-3258, or visit http://www.justice.gov/atr/report-violations.

    An indictment is merely an allegation, and all defendants are presumed innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt in a court of law.

     
  • Indoor and Vertical Farming May Be Part of the Solution to Rising Demands for Food and Limited Natural Resources

      vertical agriculture

    Indoor and vertical farming may be part of the solution to rising demands for food and limited natural resources. Photo credit: Oasis Biotech, United States Department of Agriculture
     
    Posted by Sarah Federman, AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow, Office of the Chief Scientist and Paul M. Zankowski, Senior Advisor for Plant Health and Production and Plant Products, Office of the Chief Scientist in Research and Science, US Department of Agriculture

    Imagine walking into your local grocery store on a frigid January day to pick up freshly harvested lettuce, fragrant basil, juicy sweet strawberries, and ripe red tomatoes – all of which were harvested at a local farm only hours before you’d arrived. You might be imagining buying that fresh produce from vertical farms where farmers can grow indoors year-round by controlling light, temperature, water, and oftentimes carbon dioxide levels as well. Generally, fresh produce grown in vertical farms travels only a few miles to reach grocery store shelves compared to conventional produce, which can travel thousands of miles by truck or plane.

    Beyond providing fresh local produce, vertical agriculture could help increase food production and expand agricultural operations as the world’s population is projected to exceed 9 billion by 2050. And by that same year, two out of every three people are expected to live in urban areas. Producing fresh greens and vegetables close to these growing urban populations could help meet growing global food demands in an environmentally responsible and sustainable way by reducing distribution chains to offer lower emissions, providing higher-nutrient produce, and drastically reducing water usage and runoff.

    Recently, USDA and the Department of Energy held a stakeholder workshop focused on vertical agriculture and sustainable urban ecosystems. At this workshop, field experts shared thought-provoking presentations followed by small group discussions focusing on areas such as plant breeding, pest management, and engineering. Workshop attendees from public and private sectors worked together to identify the challenges, needs, and opportunities for vertical farming. A report on this workshop will be released to help inform Departmental strategic planning efforts for internal research priorities at USDA and external funding opportunities for stakeholders and researchers.

    We’re excited about the potential opportunities vertical agriculture presents to address food security. That’s why USDA already has some of these funding and research opportunities in place. The National Institute for Food and Agriculture has funding opportunities (PDF, 1.22 MB) that could support future vertical agriculture conferences and research. Similarly, the Agricultural Research Service is working on a project to increase U.S. tomato production and quality in greenhouses and other protected-environments. We look forward to continuing our partnership with our customers, both internal and external.

    Category/Topic: Research and Science
  • Federal Reserve Issues FOMC Statement Signaling a March Interest Rate Hike as Well As Reducing the Size of the Fed’s Balance Sheet

    January 26, 2022

    (At this point, Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer is predicted to retire at the end of his term this year or when his successor is confirmed.)

    Federal Reserve issues FOMC statementChair Jerome Powell

     Indicators of economic activity and employment have continued to strengthen. The sectors most adversely affected by the pandemic have improved in recent months but are being affected by the recent sharp rise in COVID-19 cases. Job gains have been solid in recent months, and the unemployment rate has declined substantially. Supply and demand imbalances related to the pandemic and the reopening of the economy have continued to contribute to elevated levels of inflation. Overall financial conditions remain accommodative, in part reflecting policy measures to support the economy and the flow of credit to U.S. households and businesses.

    The path of the economy continues to depend on the course of the virus. Progress on vaccinations and an easing of supply constraints are expected to support continued gains in economic activity and employment as well as a reduction in inflation. Risks to the economic outlook remain, including from new variants of the virus.

    The Committee seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2 percent over the longer run. In support of these goals, the Committee decided to keep the target range for the federal funds rate at 0 to 1/4 percent. With inflation well above 2 percent and a strong labor market, the Committee expects it will soon be appropriate to raise the target range for the federal funds rate. The Committee decided to continue to reduce the monthly pace of its net asset purchases, bringing them to an end in early March. Beginning in February, the Committee will increase its holdings of Treasury securities by at least $20 billion per month and of agency mortgage‑backed securities by at least $10 billion per month. The Federal Reserve’s ongoing purchases and holdings of securities will continue to foster smooth market functioning and accommodative financial conditions, thereby supporting the flow of credit to households and businesses.

    In assessing the appropriate stance of monetary policy, the Committee will continue to monitor the implications of incoming information for the economic outlook. The Committee would be prepared to adjust the stance of monetary policy as appropriate if risks emerge that could impede the attainment of the Committee’s goals. The Committee’s assessments will take into account a wide range of information, including readings on public health, labor market conditions, inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and financial and international developments.

    Voting for the monetary policy action were Jerome H. Powell, Chair; John C. Williams, Vice Chair; Michelle W. Bowman; Lael Brainard; James Bullard; Esther L. George; Patrick Harker; Loretta J. Mester; and Christopher J. Waller. Patrick Harker voted as an alternate member at this meeting.

    Implementation Note issued January 26, 2022

    Principles for Reducing the Size of the Federal Reserve’s Balance Sheet

    • The Committee views changes in the target range for the federal funds rate as its primary means of adjusting the stance of monetary policy.
    • The Committee will determine the timing and pace of reducing the size of the Federal Reserve’s balance sheet so as to promote its maximum employment and price stability goals. The Committee expects that reducing the size of the Federal Reserve’s balance sheet will commence after the process of increasing the target range for the federal funds rate has begun.
    • The Committee intends to reduce the Federal Reserve’s securities holdings over time in a predictable manner primarily by adjusting the amounts reinvested of principal payments received from securities held in the System Open Market Account (SOMA).
    • Over time, the Committee intends to maintain securities holdings in amounts needed to implement monetary policy efficiently and effectively in its ample reserves regime.
    • In the longer run, the Committee intends to hold primarily Treasury securities in the SOMA, thereby minimizing the effect of Federal Reserve holdings on the allocation of credit across sectors of the economy.
    • The Committee is prepared to adjust any of the details of its approach to reducing the size of the balance sheet in light of economic and financial developments.
     
    Last Update: January 26, 2022

     

     
     
     
     
     

    Federal Reserve
     
    @federalreserve
     
    LIVE NOW: Press conference with #FOMC Chair Powell: https://federalreserve.gov and
     
     

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  • National Institutes of Health: COVID-19 Vaccines Linked to Small Increase in Menstrual Cycle Length

    woman receiving a covid-19 inoculation

    January 25, 2022

    Researchers led by Dr. Alison Edelman of Oregon Health & Science University explored whether COVID-19 vaccines cause changes to menstrual cycles. They compared menstrual cycle length (time between bleeding) and menses (days of bleeding) in vaccinated and unvaccinated women.

    The study was funded by NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and Office of Research on Women’s Health. Results appeared in Obstetrics & Gynecology on January 5, 2022.

    The team analyzed data from nearly 4,000 women, ages 18 to 45, collected through a fertility tracking app. Participants agreed to have their data used for research purposes. All the women had normal cycle lengths, from 24 — 38 days. Data was compared for three menstrual cycles before the first vaccine dose to the three cycles afterward. Among unvaccinated women, data was collected for six consecutive cycles. Most of the vaccinated participants (55%) received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, 35% received the Moderna vaccine, and 7% received the Johnson & Johnson/Janssen one.one.

    The team found that women who received a COVID-19 vaccine had an average increase in cycle length of nearly one day for each dose. Among women who received a two-dose vaccine, the first dose was associated with a 0.71 — day increase in cycle length and the second dose with a 0.91 — day increase. After adjustment for age, race and ethnicity, BMI, education, and other factors, the change in cycle length was still less than one day for each dose.

    Receiving two vaccine doses within the same menstrual cycle increased the cycle length further — about two days on average. Women’s cycle lengths often fluctuate, and experts consider cycle variation of up to eight days to be normal. The longer menstrual cycles after vaccination decreased in subsequent cycles, suggesting they are likely temporary. The researchers did not find any effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the number of menstrual bleeding days.

    “It is reassuring that the study found only a small, temporary menstrual change in women,” says NICHD Director Dr. Diana Bianchi, “These results provide, for the first time, an opportunity to counsel women about what to expect from COVID-19 vaccination so they can plan accordingly.”

    Related Links

    ReferencesAssociation Between Menstrual Cycle Length and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Vaccination: A U.S. Cohort. Edelman A, Boniface ER, Benhar E, Han L, Matteson KA, Favaro C, Pearson JT, Darney BG. Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Jan 5. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004695. Online ahead of print. PMID: 34991109.

    Funding: NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) and Office of Research on Women’s Health.

  • Jo Freeman Reviews The Chancellor: The Remarkable Odyssey of Angela Merkel

    Angela Merkel

    The Chancellor: The Remarkable Odyssey of Angela Merkel

    By Kati Marton

    Published by New York: Simon & Schuster, 2021

    xviii + 344 pages with photographs; hardcover $30

     

    By Jo Freeman

    Until recently, Angela Merkel was the most powerful woman in the world and also a very private person.  Those contradictions have made writing about her for a popular audience a challenge.  Kati Marton is up to that challenge, presenting much detail about Merkel the person as well the top job she held for 16 years.

    Like her subject, author Kati Marton had her own odyssey.  Born in Hungary to journalist parents, she came to the US as a child, eventually becoming a journalist herself.  Like Merkel, she is multi-lingual and well-traveled, with personal knowledge of the dangers of a Communist state.  Unlike Merkel, she married men who could introduce her to important people and their staff.

    Although born in West Germany’s Hamburg, Merkel spent her first 35 years in East Germany. Her Lutheran pastor father was a missionary who took his young family east to pastor a small church in an atheist state.  Her experiences growing up in a surveillance state became the model of what she didn’t want a unified Germany to become.  

    She earned a Ph.D. in quantum chemistry, intending to spend her life in a laboratory.  When the Berlin wall came down in 1989 she crossed into West Germany.  By then she had divorced her first husband but kept his name.  She would marry again to another scientist who is even more private than she is.  He kept his day job in a laboratory even after his wife became Chancellor.

    Merkel joined a new political party that was small, conservative, and anti-Communist. When it merged with the much larger Christian Democratic Union, she quickly rose through the ranks by attaching herself to important men.  Chancellor Helmut Kohl called Dr. Merkel his Mädchen.  Etymologically derived from maid it means “my girl.”

    Early on Marton asks if the most powerful woman in the world was a feminist.  By the end, she concludes kind of, maybe. Kohl appointed Merkel as the Minister for Women and Youth in 1991, but not because she wanted the job. She was rather indifferent to it, though she did champion an equal rights law.  However, she liked the company of women, especially strong women in important jobs, and wanted girls to have more opportunities.  Marton says that by the end of her tenure she had quietly transformed a patriarchal political culture into one that was more accepting of women.

  • The Stettheimer Doll’s House: For 19 Years, Carrie Stettheimer Worked on This Three-dimensional Work of Art

     Stettheimer doll house

     The Stettheimer Doll’s House, an artistic model made over the course of nearly two decades at the Museum of the City of New York

    On December 18, 1945, the Museum of the City of New York held an unusual event: a house-warming for a doll’s house. Among the invited guests were Georgia O’Keeffe and other artistic luminaries of the day.  They gathered to celebrate the unveiling of a one-of-a-kind three-dimensional piece of art made by Carrie W. Stettheimer, who had passed away the year before. 

    Today, the Stettheimer “doll’s house” – an artistic model made over the course of nearly two decades between 1916 and 1935 – is one of the great treasures of the Museum of the City of New York. Carrie, along with her sisters Ettie and Florine, hosted a famous artistic salon in the early 20th century, which influential art historian and critic Arthur Danto later called the “American Bloomsbury.” Ettie was a philosopher and novelist; Florine was a painter; Carrie was an aspiring theatrical designer whose artistic goals were derailed by her obligations to run the household. Her creative energies were channeled instead into the crafting of a miniature world whose interior reflected the Stettheimers’ life in their fashionable apartment and reflected the avant-garde artistic circles of New York in the 1920s.Other view of Stettheimer house

    For 19 years, Carrie Stettheimer worked on this three-dimensional work of art, reflecting and reinterpreting the artistic, aesthetic, and cultural milieu in which she and her sisters moved. Among its most outstanding features is the ballroom, which features miniature works gifted to Carrie by some of the leading names of modern art in New York in the 1910s and 1920s, including Louis Bouché, Gaston Lachaise, Marguerite and William Zorach, and many others. A particular highlight is Marcel Duchamp’s miniature version of his famous Nude Descending a Staircase, which had created a sensation at the 1913 Armory Show in New York City. 

    Seventy-five years later, the Museum celebrates the anniversary of this extraordinary gift with a reinstallation of the famous Stettheimer dollhouse. A new, dedicated gallery will provide greater access to this extraordinary object during this time of social distancing, as well as biographical information about the Stettheimer sisters and the members of their circle, including influential artists who made miniature artworks for the house. Visitors will be able to view the house, learn about its features, view enlarged images of the tiny details, and discover rarely seen additional miniature works by some of the leading lights of early 20th-century modernism, among them a miniature George Bellows.  

    As Carrie’s sister Ettie wrote about the gift of the dollhouse to the Museum of the City of New York, “I feel certain that no repository would have been more satisfactory to her than the museum of her own city.”other views of the exhibit 

    Styles vary from room to room, yet the wallpapers, furniture, and fixtures are all characteristic of the period following World War I. The dollhouse is particularly notable for its original, miniaturized works crafted especially for Stettheimer by renowned avant-garde artists of the 1920s, including a 3-inch version of Nude Descending a Staircase by Marcel Duchamp. From the Limoges vases in the chintz bedroom to the crystal-trimmed candelabra in the salon, Stettheimer infused her artistic sensibility into every detail of the house.  (Photographs of the dollhouse are from the Museum of the City of New York)

    more stettheimer rooms

  • Ferida Wolff’s Backyard: Squirrel On Ice

    Squirrel on ice                                       

    It’s been cold around here lately with temperatures in the 20s. Cars ice up overnight and we have to be careful not to slip on the icy concrete as we leave our house in the morning.

    But we aren’t the only ones affected by the cold weather. Today a squirrel was trying to get a drink on the birdbath but the water was frozen over. The poor squirrel kept moving around and around, slurping along the outer edge where some of the ice had loosened and a sip was possible.

    I hope he got enough to drink because the weather report shows we are due for some further cold days. I know it’s winter and it’s not unexpected but I realize that our outdoor critters are not as lucky as we are to have a warm place to shelter in. I hope that Mother Nature will be kind and help all her critters, even us, have a healthy winter.

    ©Ferida Wolff for SeniorWomen.com

    Editor’s Note: There’s a fact sheet put out by the Penn State Extension regarding birdbaths: https://extension.psu.edu/

    Water for Wildlife: Bird Baths and Backyard Ponds

    Adding a birdbath to your yard is the easiest way to provide drinking and bathing water for birds.
     
    Although backyard feeders are a popular way to attract birds, providing a source of water is equally important for creating a wildlife-friendly yard. By adding a bird bath or wildlife pond, you provide necessary water not only for birds but for many other species as well. You also add an aesthetically pleasing element to your backyard. This fact sheet covers the basics of selecting and maintaining a birdbath. It also tells how to create a backyard pond to attract birds, insects, amphibians, and other wildlife.
     
    There are two basic types of birdbaths: aboveground baths, which often hang or are placed on a pedestal, and baths placed at or near ground level. The type of bath you select will determine the kinds of birds you may see using it.

    In general, birds that typically feed at bird feeders, such as the black-capped chickadee, house finch, and tufted titmouse, are most likely to use a bird bath located aboveground. Adding another birdbath on the ground may also attract less common backyard bird species since this type of bath more closely mimics a natural stream or pond. Ground-level baths also provide water for many other animal species, such as chipmunks and squirrels. Having both types allows you to provide water for the greatest variety of wildlife species.

    Birdbaths come in a variety of sizes and materials, and they can be found at most garden, home, and pet stores. They range from about twenty dollars for a simple hanging terra-cotta or pedestal concrete bath to several hundred dollars for a cast iron or aluminum bath. You can make an inexpensive birdbath from materials found around the house, such as the inverted lid of a garbage can or a large terra-cotta plant saucer. Either place these directly on the ground or attach them to a rope or chains and hang from a tree branch.

    Whether you buy or make a birdbath, keep in mind what is most attractive to a bird. Birds do not like slippery surfaces, and baths made out of materials such as glazed pottery or smooth plastics are not as attractive as those with a rough surface, like concrete or terra-cotta. If you already have a birdbath, or are making one, provide a nonstick surface by adding a few small rocks or even bathtub stickers. In addition, birds will only use a bath with shallow water, no more than two to three inches of water at the deepest.

    Another way to attract birds to your yard is to add a dripping or misting water feature. A dripper adds water slowly to a birdbath from above, creating the sound of water dropping into the bath. You can purchase one from many of the same places that sell birdbaths, but you can also make a simple version with a plastic soda bottle or milk jug. Simply fill the bottle with water and puncture a small hole through the bottom. Then attach the bottle above the bathwater and allow it to drip in (it will need to be refilled daily).

    A mister is another popular water feature. You can place it anywhere in your yard by attaching it to a garden hose. Many birds, especially hummingbirds, enjoy flying through the fine mist that is created. Misters are also commonly sold where birdbaths are found.

    Birds like to have a safe place to drink and bathe, so it is best to place your birdbath near shrubs or some low tree branches to allow them to escape quickly if aerial predators are nearby. In addition, a shady location will keep your bath from overheating in the summer and keep algae levels low. When you have a ground-level bath, however, it is important to be aware of any cats that may be able to sneak up and attack the birds using your bath. If this is a potential problem in your yard, place your ground bath someplace where the birds can see a cat or other predator approaching, typically 10-15 feet from the nearest hiding spot. Finally, do not place your birdbath underneath bird feeders, since food and droppings will dirty the bath.