Author: SeniorWomenWeb

  • Bitter Primaries Hurt High-profile Candidates’ Chances in the General Election

    Hillary and Bernie

    By Clifton B. Parker

    A divisive political primary that receives heavy media scrutiny reduces the party nominee’s chances in the general election, Stanford research shows.

    Credit: (Clinton) Gage Skidmore (Sanders) Nick Solari / Flickr; Creative Commons License

    But, if the primary has not generated much attention, then the primary winner is less affected — and sometimes even helped — in the general election.

    Stanford political scientist Andrew B. Hall finds that contentious primary elections can leave candidates damaged as they head into the general election. 

    “When parties go through divisive primaries in (highly) salient electoral settings, they suffer significant penalties in the general election,” said Andrew B. Hall, an assistant professor of political science at Stanford. He recently published a study on this issue, along with co-author Alexander Fouirnaies from the University of Oxford.

    Primaries involving presidential and congressional races typically attract more media coverage and voter attention compared with state legislative campaigns, Hall said. Political conventional wisdom has maintained that while highly competitive primaries may help parties select quality candidates and inform voters about them, the downside is exposing those nominees’ flaws and hurting the chance of victory in the general election.

    Hall’s research confirms this generally, but also explains the role of high and low media coverage as well as the degree of voter attention toward the primary campaigns.

    Hall and Fouirnaies examined data from US states that use runoff primaries for party nominations. Runoffs are second-round elections that are triggered when a candidate does not win a high enough percentage of the initial primary vote, usually 50 percent. A runoff typically indicates a more contentious primary season (two rounds of voting as opposed to one) with heavier media scrutiny.

    In US House and Senate races, the researchers found significant negative effects for party candidates who emerged from runoffs to advance to general elections. In fact, going to a runoff decreases the party’s general election vote share by 6 to 9 percentage points, on average, and decreases the probability that the party wins the general election by roughly 21 percentage points, on average, according to the research.

    However, in US state legislative races, runoff primaries do not hurt candidates, Hall found. And, in competitive contexts, the runoff process may actually help the candidates in the general election, he said.

    The difference, Hall said, is due to the nature of runoff elections in the two contexts. Typically, US House and Senate campaigns receive much more media scrutiny and attention than state legislative races.

    “In the US House and US Senate, divisive primaries exert a substantial penalty on parties in the general election. Parties in high salience contexts (those with higher media coverage and voter attention) have a strong incentive to avoid publicly visible conflict among potential nominees,” he wrote.

    He said that in high information contexts, making an informed choice may already be easier for voters, so open competition harms the party in the general election.

    In lower information contexts, where figuring out which candidate to choose may be much more difficult for voters, parties do better in an open competition that eventually selects the stronger candidate for the general election, Hall said. Such primaries – typically state legislative races – usually receive less media coverage and voter attention is lower than for Senate or House races.

    Beyond this, the researchers also found that the negative effects of runoff primaries are larger when candidates are further apart ideologically. They did not find any evidence that the runoff penalty is higher in states where the runoff primary lasts longer.

    In an interview, Hall suggested that while divisive primaries may be bad for parties, they may not be bad for voters and citizens. The research indicates that divisive primaries come with a high level of information and media coverage, which suggests that the voting in such contests is more informed.

    Also, commonly suggested reforms – such as eliminating primaries in favor of one general election with many candidates – come with their own problems, he added.

  • More Thoughts on the Personal Essay: To Write or Not to Write?

    By Joan L. CannonHenry and William James

    Looking over the landscape of personal essays can be a daunting adventure. It’s a given that the minute one begins to write in the first person, one begins to lie. Not on purpose perhaps, but out of the unavoidable malleability of time and memory and ego.

    Henry James (left) and brother William, University of Albany, New York

    It’s interesting that memoir has become the newest genre of best sellers. A recent essay (by Adam Gopnik) in The New Yorker discusses Henry James’s memoirs that take off from a false position, if viewed in one way, because they declare that they’re about his older, more vaunted brother, William James. Even using William as the excuse for the reminiscences and analyses, Henry reveals himself.

    The act of creative writing is an invitation not only to make something pleasurable, instructive, entertaining, even artistic, it’s often a trap to capture what the author might often most like to keep to him or herself. Imagine a book or even story that you remember, and you know you have gained some part of an image of the hand that fiction and poetry will reveal the most, doubtless, but almost as slippery are reports of facts. Information revealed includes choices made by the reporter on what to publish and what to keep back, or what is important and what is of no worth. Consider the variety of interpretations of the same incidents and interviews among the journalists who pass on the news. Imagine Fox and The New York Times printing interchangeable versions of anything they choose to report.

    Samuel Pepys, Marcel Proust, or Mark Twain could hardly have written more divergent essays called ‘diaries,’ (Eve’s Diary and Adam’s Diary in the case of Mark Twain), A la recherche de temps perdus from M. Proust, yet a reader is treated to clear revelations in each case. What is revealed feels as accurate as it could have been when considered in terms of the milieu in which the composition was written, even if it is not all we now know.

    I believe I was rather a curious child. Now that I’m in my eighth decade, it seems to me that I have hundreds more questions than I did when I was young. Even allowing for all the facts and means of coping that no child is born knowing, now that most of those concerns no longer occupy my mind in the same way, half my waking hours are taken up wondering, Where’s that wisdom that just still being here is supposed to confer?

    Too many of those questions seem to spring out of the past and its list of things done and things left undone, in the wording of The Book of Common Prayer. I’m not talking about ‘what ifs.’  I’m afraid what I mean has more to do with how I might do or react to things at a different stage of my life than the one I’d reached when it became necessary to meet crises and puzzles and ecstasy head-on.  How much did I fail at or forget or not allow to sink in just because I hadn’t had enough experience to see in three dimensions, or know how to judge perspective? 

    Now that I’ve developed a kind of habit of rendering into words what swirls around so relentlessly inside my head, I come up against another big question — Namely:  if I put the time and effort into expressing all this, what’s the point? 

    I’ve discovered one thing that puts me at odds with what used to be the establishment of writing instructors: to write what you know, to write for yourself. I know now that there’s no joy in doing all that work for oneself. A writer doesn’t write, darn it, for him or herself; that labor goes to satisfy a reader, or more accurately, multiple readers. Maybe we don’t expect to make a living at it, much less get rich doing it, but we bother in the hope that there will be a few minds elsewhere that might crack open far enough to let us in, and if they do, that they may enjoy themselves or learn something from what that poor benighted scribe tapped out on a keyboard. The ultimate dream reward is to elicit a response.

    The list of people who have spent even brief lifetimes entertaining and enlightening everyone who could read is formidable and inspiring. One of these nagging questions of mine has to do with whether someone with virtually no credentials other than ordinary living has any business taking up a pose that might make someone think competition is a motive. Honestly, most of us know our limitations and respect the expertise of legions. A conversation with one of my college-age grandchildren gives me pause. I learned the meaning of ‘hubris’ even before I was in college, and am too often reminded of it now. How did those young people get so smart so early? I can’t accept that it’s my own fault that I was apparently so slow off the mark.

    …Which leads to the question of whether the personal essay and/or memoir might have anything to offer a reader who is either younger than the writer or less experienced.

    When we were in college, we used to sneer at those we considered ‘navel gazers.’

    ©2016 Joan L. Cannon for SeniorWomen.com

  • Beating the Brain Drain: States Focus on Retaining Older Workers; Finding Replacements Won’t Be Easy

    California has a problem: Fifty-two percent of its managers in the state workforce could decide in the next five years that they’re tired of working, grab their retirement packages and go. Their departure would create a serious brain drain for the state, which has the largest number of state employees in the country — 220,000.

    State and Local Retirement Plans

    So Jeff Douglas, California’s chief of workforce development, is trying different tactics to keep senior workers on the job: offering a flexible work schedule, promoting work-life balance and creating the first government-wide employee management survey to assess the needs of workers. The idea is to find out who is leaving — and why.

    State and Local Plans Logo for Boston College’s Center for Retirement Research

    Douglas knows that efforts to keep senior workers — especially managers, specialists, and highly educated and knowledgeable employees — on the job are at best stopgap measures. Eventually, the state will have to shore up its talent reserves as baby boomers age out of the state workforce. “Because people can walk right now, we have to be ready if they do,” he said.

    Like California, nearly every state and locality faces the imminent departure of retirement-eligible employees. Anywhere from 30 to 40 percent of state workers are eligible for retirement, said Leslie Scott, executive director of the National Association of State Personnel Executives (NASPE). And states are scrambling to find ways to retain their most valuable seasoned employees.

    Finding replacements won’t be easy. State employees are more educated than the rest of the nation’s workforce, including federal and local government employees, according to the Congressional Research Service.

    So state personnel executives are experimenting with a variety of approaches to hang on to experience, including job-sharing and telecommuting, delayed retirement programs that pay lump sums to would-be retirees to keep working, training and development, and reward and recognition programs. They also are stepping up recruiting efforts to attract older employees who work in the private sector.

    The idea, Douglas said, is to create a work environment “where you can stay longer and work longer.”

    In Tennessee, where 32 percent of the state workforce is eligible for retirement, state workers can take advantage of the “temporary employment option.” The program allows retirees to work for up to 120 days during a 12-month period. This way, the state can “recruit” high-performing retirees to assist with special projects, said Rebecca Hunter, the state’s commissioner of human resources.

    “This allows an agency to benefit from the transfer of institutional knowledge and is a nice transition to full retirement for the employee,” Hunter said.

    In Ohio, state workers in the Office of Opportunities for Ohioans with Disabilities are allowed to schedule their work hours as they see fit, as long as they work somewhere between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m.

    In Colorado, where 20 percent of the workforce in the state’s information technology division is eligible for retirement, the agency encourages retirement-age professionals to work with younger workers to ensure that knowledge is passed down to the next generation.

    This is particularly important when it comes to dealing with older, “legacy” technology and other specialized fields, said Karen Wilcox, director of human resources in the Colorado governor’s information technology office.”

    In Virginia, where a quarter of state employees will be eligible to retire in the next five years, state human resources executives use “intense data” to predict who will be retiring and what is pushing them out, said Sara Redding Wilson, Virginia’s director of human resources.

    “Only a small fraction is going, and we know why,” Redding Wilson said. Armed with data, she said, the state can tailor its retention efforts — while finding ways to recruit the next wave of talent.

    The areas with the highest turnover rates are in corrections, juvenile justice and behavioral health, Redding Wilson said, fields with less flexibility in scheduling and that don’t pay as much.

    Some states, such as Alabama and Arizona, and some localities, such as Los AngelesPinellas County, Florida, and St. Louis, let potential retirees take advantage of the Deferred Retirement Option Program (DROP). It works this way: public workers — such as police officers — who reach retirement age commit to continuing to work for a fixed period. They go on collecting their regular paycheck. And when they retire, they are paid a lump sum bonus of as much as 90 percent of the salaries they earned while continuing to work.

    DROP programs can be an attractive incentive to keep talented employees on the job longer, while reducing costs for recruiting and training new employees, said Angela Curl, assistant professor of family studies and social work at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio.

    But not all states have kept them going. In 2001, Missouri implemented a similar program, called BackDROP, which offered state workers more flexibility in the start and stop dates. (Roughly a quarter of Missouri’s state employees are eligible to retire this year.)

  • Ferida Wolff’s Backyard: The Best Nest & When Birds Get Busy

    Nesting sign The Best Nest

    There are lots of signs of Spring; crocuses and daffodils pop up everywhere, bare tree limbs hint at the color of the leaves to come, robins scuttle around lawns looking for the choicest worms. Geese make a U-turn and head back north.

    Three years ago I noticed a couple of geese outside of a shopping center. I wondered if they were lost. They seemed to be scouting around looking for something, which I thought might be the rest of their flock. After a few days they had settled onto a garden display and it looked as if they were making a nest. The landscapers delayed planting until the geese left.

    Last year they came back and there was no doubt about what they were doing — they were building a nest in the same garden display. A young boy on his way to the Little Gym next door looked as if he wanted to give chase but the nesting female was being guarded by a mate who didn’t look intimidated at all. The boy’s mother hustled him away.

    This year there was an official sign to welcome the geese and to keep shoppers away. The geese definitely appeared to be at home.

    I wonder why the geese chose such an unlikely place to start their family. Cars are constantly driving close by. People are walking back and forth all day right next to the nest. What am I missing about the appeal of the place?

    I discovered that birds often nest in the strangest places. A friend once told me that she had sparrows nesting in a basket at her front entrance. Who’s to say that an unusual spot isn’t the best. Don’t we all live in our own individual spaces? The bird parents take care of their young like any good parents, regardless of the neighborhood. We can be good neighbors to them as we are to the people we live near. 

    Facts about geese nesting:

    http://www.takeflightgoosemgt.com/goosefacts.html

    Birds nest in the strangest places:

    http://www.wowamazing.com/trending/rare/18-unusual-bird-nests-built-weirdest-places/ 

  • A GAO Report On Smartphone Data: Information and Issues Regarding Surreptitious Tracking Apps That Can Facilitate Stalking

    GAO-16-317: Published: Apr 21, 2016. Publicly Released: May 9, 2016. 

    What GAO* Foundapps on iOS 6s

    GAO found that the majority of the reviewed websites for smartphone tracking applications (apps) marketed their products to parents or employers to track the location of their children or employees, respectively, or to monitor them in other ways, such as intercepting their smartphone communications. Several tracking apps were marketed to individuals for the purpose of tracking or intercepting the communications of an intimate partner to determine if that partner was cheating. About one-third of the websites marketed their tracking apps as surreptitious, specifically to track the location and intercept the smartphone communications of children, employees, or intimate partners without their knowledge or consent.

    iOS 9 running on an iPhone 6S; Wikimedia Commons

    The key concerns of the stakeholders with whom GAO spoke — including domestic violence groups, privacy groups, and academics — were questions about: (1) the applicability of current federal laws to the manufacture, sale, and use of surreptitious tracking apps; (2) the limited enforcement of current laws; and (3) the need for additional education about tracking apps. GAO found that some federal laws apply or potentially apply to smartphone tracking apps, particularly those that surreptitiously intercept communications such as e-mails or texts, but may not apply to some instances involving surreptitiously tracking location. Statutes that may be applicable to surreptitious tracking apps, depending on the circumstances of their sale or use, are statutes related to wiretapping, unfair or deceptive trade practices, computer fraud, and stalking. Stakeholders also expressed concerns over what they perceived to be limited enforcement of laws related to tracking apps and stalking. Some of these stakeholders believed it was important to prosecute companies that manufacture surreptitious tracking apps and market them for the purpose of spying. Domestic violence groups stated that additional education of law enforcement officials and consumers about how to protect against, detect, and remove tracking apps is needed.

    The federal government has undertaken educational, enforcement, and legislative efforts to protect individuals from the use of surreptitious tracking apps, but stakeholders differed over whether current federal laws need to be strengthened to combat stalking. Educational efforts by the Department of Justice (DOJ) have included funding for the Stalking Resource Center, which trains law enforcement officers, victim service professionals, policymakers, and researchers on the use of technology in stalking. With regard to enforcement, DOJ has prosecuted a manufacturer and an individual under the federal wiretap statute for the manufacture or use of a surreptitious tracking app. Some stakeholders believed the federal wiretap statute should be amended to explicitly include the interception of location data and DOJ has proposed amending the statute to allow for the forfeiture of proceeds from the sale of smartphone tracking apps and to make the sale of such apps a predicate offense for money laundering. Stakeholders differed in their opinions on the applicability and strengths of the relevant federal laws and the need for legislative action. Some industry stakeholders were concerned that legislative actions could be overly broad and harm legitimate uses of tracking apps. However, stakeholders generally agreed that location data can be highly personal information and are deserving of privacy protections.

    Why GAO Did This Study

    Smartphone tracking apps exist that allow a person to not only surreptitiously track another person’s smartphone location information, but also surreptitiously intercept the smartphone’s communications — such as texts, e-mails, and phone calls. This type of monitoring— without a person’s knowledge or consent — can present serious safety and privacy risks.

    GAO was asked to review issues around the use of surreptitious smartphone tracking apps. This report examines (1) how companies are marketing smartphone tracking apps on their websites, (2) concerns selected stakeholders have about the use of tracking apps to facilitate stalking, and (3) actions the federal government has taken or could take to protect individuals from the use of surreptitious tracking apps. GAO identified 40 smartphone tracking apps and analyzed their websites’ marketing language. GAO interviewed stakeholders selected for their knowledge in this area, including academics; privacy, industry, and domestic violence associations; and tracking app and other companies. GAO also interviewed representatives of five federal agencies.

    GAO is not making any recommendations in this report. The Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Health & Human Services, and DOJ reviewed a draft of this report and provided technical comments and clarifications that GAO incorporated as appropriate. The Federal Communications Commission and the Department of Commerce did not have any comments on the report.

    *”The US Government Accountability Office (GAO) is an independent, nonpartisan agency that works for Congress. Often called the “congressional watchdog,” GAO investigates how the federal government spends taxpayer dollars. The head of GAO, the Comptroller General of the United States, is appointed to a 15-year term by the President from a slate of candidates Congress proposes.

    Contact:

    Mark L. Goldstein
    (202) 512-2834
    goldsteinm@gao.gov

     Office of Public Affairs

    (202) 512-4800
    youngc1@gao.gov

    Additional Materials:

  • Downton Abbey Graduates: What’s Next for the Cast?

     

    Downton Abbey cast members

    While we may never again see the Dowager launch a new zinger or Lady Mary raise a fresh eyebrow, we can look forward to seeing Downton‘s talented and hardworking cast for many years to come. Find out what’s next for Downton Abbey‘s cast members, where you can see them, and how far their new roles are speculated to take them from their Downton Abbey characters.

    Michelle Dockery

    Michelle Dockery 
    If Lady Mary’s Liverpool assignation were a regular and casual event, conducted between cons, thefts, and prison stints, she might be closer to Michelle Dockery’s next character, Letty Dobesh, the protagonist of the TNT series Good Behavior. Letty is contemporary, she’s American, and she’s a train wreck … How un-Mary, how vulgar! 
    Departure from Downton: 100%

    Joanne Froggatt

    Joanne Froggatt 
    She stole the hearts of millions of viewers as Lady Mary’s loving and resilient lady’s maid, Anna. Next up, she stars as infamous Victorian serial killer Mary Ann Cotton, dispensing death from the spout of her teapot in the spine-tingling drama Dark Angel, coming to Masterpiece. From Downton’s angel to angel of death, Froggatt does a 180 and shows us the breadth of her chops! 
    Departure from Downton: 100%

    Hugh Bonneville

    Hugh Bonneville 
    Hugh Bonneville may have left Downton behind, but he’s not straying far from the aristocracy in his portrayal of Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy in India, in the upcoming feature film Viceroy’s House. While the film is set in India in 1947, and Bonneville’s character is an historical figure, it does involve both a house and a turbulent historical backdrop. 
    Departure from Downton: 50%

    Maggie Smith

    Maggie Smith 
    Maggie Smith follows up her iconic role as Downton Abbey‘s Dowager Countess in the biographical feature film,The Lady in the Van. She plays Mary Shepherd, a homeless woman who, for 15 years, parks her van in the driveway of real-life playwright Alan Bennett, returning to the character she portrayed on the London stage. While Violet and Mary couldn’t be more opposite in both their residences or refinements, the characters share one quality: both are forces of nature! 
    Departure from Downton: 95%

    Laura Carmichael

    Laura Carmichael 
    Fans can look for Laura Carmichael in the feature film A United Kingdom, which is due to start shooting soon. Set in the 1940s, A United Kingdom is based on the true story of the future king (David Oyelowo) of Bechuanaland — formerly the British colony Botswana — and his marriage to a white British woman, Ruth Williams (Rosamund Pike). Carmichael will play her sister, Muriel. The sibling of a marrying sister? There’s an Edith connection after all! 
    Departure from Downton: 70%

    Allen Leech

    Allen Leech 
    After feature film success in The Imitation Game, Leech is slated to head back to the big screen in Hunter’s Prayer, an action-thriller based on a novel by Kevin Wignall, “For the Dogs.” Leech goes from socialist to scoundrel as the boss of a hit man gone rogue. 
    Departure from Downton: 100%

    Penelope Wilton

    Penelope Wilton 
    Wilton makes the leap from the small screen to the big screen in Steven Spielberg’s upcoming children’s movie The BFG, based on the book by Roald Dahl and starring Masterpiece alum Mark Rylance (Wolf Hall). She’ll play the Queen of England, which is certainly a change from the wonderfully class-blind Isobel Crawley! 
    Departure from Downton: 100%

    Kevin Doyle

    Kevin Doyle 
    From Downton Abbey’s gentle philosopher-footman to present-day policeman, Kevin Doyle makes a 180 in portraying bad cop DS John Wadsworth in season two of Happy Valley (alongside The Paradise‘s Sarah Lancashire), on Netflix. 
    Departure from Downton: 100%

    Elizabeth McGovern

    Elizabeth McGovern 
    Next up for the actress behind Lady Cora takes Elizabeth McGovern back across the pond to 1977 America in Showing Roots, a feature film about opening a small-town beauty shop for black and white clients after the broadcast of the miniseries Roots
    Departure from Downton: 100%

    Lily James

    Lily James 
    Next up for Lily James, Downton’s Lady Rose, is a WWII spy thriller, The Kaiser’s Last Kiss, in which she plays the Jewish, Dutch love interest of a German soldier. After Pride and Prejudice and Zombies (Departure from Downton: 60%) and Cinderella (Departure from Downton: 70%), in Rose-like fashion, James once again plays forbidden love. But this time the stakes are much, much higher. 
    Departure from Downton: 90%

    Samantha Bond in Home Fires

    Samantha Bond 
    Downton’s feisty Lady Rosamund, Samantha Bond, is slated to return as Frances Burden, the heart and soul of the Women’s Institute, in Home Fires Season 2 on MASTERPIECE. Like Rosamund, Burden has a commanding — and sometimes divisive — presence. But she has a lot more work to do! 
    Departure from Downton: 75%

    Brendan Coyle

    Brendan Coyle 
    Brendan Coyle left Mr. Bates’ cane and his conscience behind for his next television role — the actor behind Downton’s longsuffering, loyal valet will play a vicious mob boss in the upcoming series Spotless (on the Esquire Network). A genuine baddie, instead of a falsely accused — what would Anna think?
    Departure from Downton: 100%

  • The Drug Overdose Epidemic: States Require Opioid Prescribers to Check for ‘Doctor Shopping’

    For more than a decade, doctors, dentists and nurse practitioners have liberally prescribed opioid painkillers despite mounting evidence that people were becoming addicted and overdosing on the powerful pain medications.  

    Now, in the face of a drug overdose epidemic that killed more than 28,000 people in 2014, a handful of states are insisting that health professionals do a little research before they write another prescription for highly addictive drugs like Percocet, Vicodin and OxyContin.

    “We in the health care profession had a lot of years to police ourselves and clean this up, and we didn’t do it,” Kentucky physician Greg Jones, an anti-addiction specialist, said in an online training course he gives doctors in his state. “So the public got fed up with people dying from prescription drug abuse and they got together and they passed some laws and put some rules in place.”

    By tapping into a database of opioid painkillers and other federally controlled substances dispensed in the state, physicians can check patients’ opioid medication history, as well as their use of other combinations of potentially harmful drugs, such as sedatives and muscle relaxants, to determine whether they are at risk of addiction or overdose death.

    Prescribers also can determine whether patients are already receiving painkillers or other controlled substances from other sources, a practice known as doctor shopping. Patients with this type of history are at high risk for addiction and overdose and may be selling drugs illicitly.

    In 2012, Kentucky became the first state to require doctors and other prescribers to search patients’ prescription drug histories on an electronic database called a prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) before prescribing opioid painkillers, sedatives or other potentially harmful and addictive drugs.

    Sixteen states have enacted similar laws, and experts, including the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy, are encouraging other states to do the same thing. 

    Maryland Gov. Larry Hogan, a Republican, signed a law in April that requires certain prescribers to use the state’s monitoring system, and a similar bill is moving through the Legislature in California.

    Prescribers can be required to check PDMP databases in 29 states, depending on conditions that vary from state to state, according to the National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws.

    Although the American Medical Association supports physician use of drug tracking systems to identify potential addiction and drug diversion to the black market, state medical societies have argued against mandatory requirements they say interfere with the practice of medicine. Patients’ privacy and legitimate pain needs, they say, could be jeopardized by requiring busy physicians to investigate potential patient abuse of pain medications.

  • Hands in the Dough; The Sound the Hot Loaves Made When You “Thumped” Them to See If They Were Done

    by Julia Snedenkneading dough

    One of the perks of writing this column is receiving mail from some really interesting readers. Perhaps the most unusual letter that arrived during the past year was from a woman in Scotland. Her name is Pat, and she is a member of the Scottish Women’s Rural Institute, an organization that reaches far beyond Scotland. The members of SWRI seem to be lively women who share an interest in the country and in country living. The group has a web page and a magazine called “Scottish Home & Country.” It even has its own tartan.

    Kneading, 2007, Wikimedia Commons

    I don’t think we have an analogous group in America. Pat is definitely a senior, but the group doesn’t seem to be senior-specific. Pat’s chapter recently participated in a competition amongst chapters from all over Scotland. The competition consisted of presentations, both group and individual, on the theme of Senior Moments. In her search for materials, Pat came across Senior Women Web. My fellow SWW columnist Rose Madeline Mula and I were pleased that Pat’s group selected readings from our columns. They didn’t win their competition, but apparently they garnered good reviews.

    I received a packet from Pat. It contained their script, a photo of the four women on their team, a photo of the village hall where their local chapter meets, and a handsome Scottish Highlands calendar, along with a lovely letter. She is a busy lady, involved with golf and travel (she has a daughter in Houston) and preparations for her chapter’s “Bulbs and Baking” show.

    I am sure that there are lots of organizations in America that connect women who have similar interests, but I can’t think of one that has the scope of SWRI: from dramatic competitions to “bulbs and baking” — that’s quite a leap!

    I think I’d love the baking part. I come from a long line of home bakers. My grandfather was famous for his biscuits; my mother baked wonderful breads. My great aunt Mary’s handwritten cookbook contains recipes, many from my great grandmother, for everything from Boston Brown Bread to steamed pudding to graham flour bread.

    I remember that when I was small, my mother baked bread every week despite a killer schedule as a graduate student and teacher, never mind running a household that included two children, two grandmothers and a great aunt. I don’t know how she found the time. She did have what was the 1930’s most modern bread-making appliance, a large, galvanized tin tub with a handle that protruded from the lid to turn the large, reverse-S dough hook inside. In theory she could mix the dough, let it rise, and stir it down to let it rise again without having to handle it. In practice, she would always knead by hand because she said she needed to “feel the dough.”

    I loved the whole process. I used to snitch bits of the raw dough despite many worried looks from one of my grandmothers who was sure it would “rise in her stomach” (Mother just smiled and looked the other way as I continued to snitch). I also loved the smell of baking bread (who doesn’t?) and the sound the hot loaves made when you “thumped” them to see if they were done. As soon as I was old enough to give the crust a good thump, I became the official done-ness checker, or at least I thought I was. It didn’t occur to me until years later that Mother was always right there as I thumped, and sometimes said gently: “ummm…Don’t you think that one needs a little more time?”

    My love of the baking process didn’t necessarily include a love of the bread itself, at least not unless it was still warm from the oven. When my mother sent me off to school with sandwiches made from thick slices of cold, day-old bread, I would immediately look for someone who wanted to trade. Fortunately, I could always find someone with that wonderful, cake-y, tasteless white bread who hankered for real flavor. Just as the other child savored my mother’s homemade bread, I loved the blandness of the “store-boughten.”

    After I grew up and had my own kitchen, I started looking for bread recipes. There was no point in asking my mother for one, because she was an intuitive cook who never used a recipe for anything. She’d throw some more flour into the batter left over from breakfast waffles or pancakes, add a little yeast and this and that, and presto! Bread dough would appear. Alas, that was a skill I didn’t inherit.

    But I did have the love of baking. I soon discovered that bread in the oven counts as food for the soul as well as the body. There are olfactory rewards that reach far beyond mere pleasure. A good sniff of what’s cooking cures almost any ill.

    The house can be a mess, the baby squalling, and dinner far from ready, but my family doesn’t notice any of those things if the house smells of baking bread. It’s a secret I have recommended to many a young bride.

    For the baker, however, the efficacious effect of making bread begins even before it hits the oven. There is the amazing moment that comes while kneading the dough, when it is transformed from a sticky mass clinging unpleasantly between your fingers to a smooth, satiny, elastic, non-clingy entity. It feels responsive, and almost like a living thing (and given the yeast in it, I suppose it could be so categorized).

    The soothing, repetitious motions of the kneading itself afford the baker a few moments of calm, a time to reflect or perhaps simply to let unregimented thoughts float across the consciousness. I find myself wondering if masseurs experience the same kind of relaxing, almost hypnotic sensation as they knead our knotted muscles (God knows the massagee does!).

    At times, kneading dough brings to mind a happy, purring cat that kneads its paws as it lies in your lap. It’s odd to think that we share this particular kind of sensory pleasure with felines. (I may not be able to purr, but I understand the urge).

    Many of my friends are happy users of bread machines, and I am sure that the convenience of a machine is laudable. But I will remain a happy dinosaur, hands in the dough and a dreamy look in my eyes. I need to knead.  

    ©2002 Julia Sneden for SeniorWomen.com                

  • Texas Woman’s University: Women’s History in Texas, the Southwest and US

    “Smith, Radcliff, and Texas Woman’s University are among the country’s best-known women’s history collections.”

    — American Libraries, March 1996 

    About the Gateway to Woman’s History Collection at TWU

    autographed photo of miriam winslow

    View All Collections

    The Gateway to Women’s History is an online site providing electronic access to primary source materials from the Woman’s Collection at Texas Woman’s University. Visitors can access photographs, documents, pamphlets, menus, programs, catalogs, newspaper clippings, scrapbooks, photographs, negatives, artifacts, clothing, textiles, and descriptive records of all our manuscript collections. Rare books, ephemera, and memorabilia are also available for your viewing. 

    A preeminent research center on women’s history, the Woman’s Collection was established in 1932. The collection represents the best concentration of resources on women in Texas, the Southwest, and throughout the United States. The records range from nationally known collections to stories of women who led quiet domestic lives. Other items featured in the Woman’s Collection include books, periodicals, oral histories, microforms, maps, and posters. 

    As part of the University Archives efforts to capture TWU’s history, we are proud to announce three new digital initiatives celebrating historic anniversaries across campus. Digital archives have been created celebrating the College of Nursing’s 60th anniversary, the 100th anniversary of the Lasso Student Newspaper, and the 75th anniversary of the Little Chapel-in-the-Woods.

    Featured Collections


  • Elaine Soloway’s Rookie Widow Series: Double Dating With My Mother; A Resting Place In The Garden of Eden; From Third Wheel to Driver’s Seat

    Double Dating With My MotherDoubledating with my mother

    I could chalk it up to the difficulty older Jewish men have when they try to navigate technology. Or, I can just admit I’m a loser on JDate. My evidence: although I’ve “Favorited” 16 matches, zero have returned the compliment.

    I thought you weren’t interested in meeting men.” It was my deceased mother elbowing herself past Tommy into my subconscious.

    Her arrival was hardly a surprise. After all, rather than my late husband being invested in finding me a date, it was more likely to be my mother, Min, a beauty who died at the age of 67.

    “Mom,” I said to the apparition pulling up a chair next to me, “I don’t want anyone moving in, but I think I’d enjoy dinner or a play with a nice guy my age.”

    “Well, I can tell you what your problem is,” she said, “Your profile isn’t sexy enough.”

    “Sexy isn’t me. I’m trying to be honest.”

    “Honest, hah!” she said. “I see you’ve put your age at 70. Remember I was present at your birth and you’re off by 5 years.”

    “No one admits their real age in online dating,” I said. “I recall you telling me more than once you never wanted to get old.”

    In my mind’s eye I could see my mother hesitate before responding. She would be using her right hand to sweep her hairdo upwards and a mirror to be certain her eye shadow, mascara, and red lipstick were in place.

    “Well, if I would’ve known what good shape a woman could be in her ’70s I might have stuck around. I have to admit you’ve kept your weight down.”

    A compliment from my mother! I preened in my office chair and brushed asidechildhood memories of her fixated on my chubbiness rather than my brain.

    “I see two matches answered your emails,” she went on. “It’s a shame you had to make the first move.”

    Ah, here’s the familiar motherly dig. “That’s not a problem for me, Mom, being aggressive. That’s how I landed Tommy. I asked him out for our first date.”

    There was silence on the other end of our celestial chat. Although she died before Tommy and I met and married, I knew Mom would have had mixed feelings about my second husband. It wasn’t the fact that he wasn’t Jewish, but that he wasn’t rich.

    “Don’t blame your mother for wanting an easier life for her daughter,” she said, evidently overhearing my thoughts. “But I did appreciate how much he loved you.”

    I didn’t want to keep Tommy in this scenario, so I quickly returned to my failure on JDate. “Did you notice, Mom, that no matter their age, all of my matches wanted someone between 50 and 65? “

    “So,” she said, stretching out the vowel, “you couldn’t have dropped 10 years?”

    I sighed. “Mom, that’s just not me. I’ve come a long way and I’m proud of the woman I’ve become. I’m not that desperate to make myself over for some dude.”

    Now, a sigh from Min. “So, try it your way. Be honest. Don’t say you’re passionate, fun, adventurous in the bedroom.”

    I laughed. “So you’ve been reading my competition.”

    “Of course, it can get boring up here. It’s a change of pace to read fantasies about ideal matches. My girlfriends and I had a good laugh.”

    “Were you laughing when one of the guys answered my email with the news he had already fallen in love with the second woman he met on JDate?” I said.

    “See, you didn’t move fast enough. You have to jump in as soon as you find someone interesting.”

    “I don’t know, Mom. Did you also read that he was now spending all of his time with his new romance?”

    “So, what’s the problem?”

    “I gagged when I saw that. I don’t want anyone spending all of his time with me; it’s suffocating. Like I said, dinner out, a movie, a play, that’s all I’m thinking about, not him taking over my life.”

    “So, have it your way,” she said. “I assume, with your record of zero and sixteen you’re bowing out. No more online dating?”

    “Not completely,” I said. “It is kind of a fun game and my ego is strong enough to take the rejections. So next month, I’m going to the other side.”

    “Women!” she said. “Don’t tell me you’re going to become a lesbian.”

    “No, Mom, match dot com. I’m going to check out the Gentiles. Maybe they’ll be more open to an adorable grey-haired woman in her mid-seventies.”

    “Try sixty-five and you may have a shot,” she said.